科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–吸煙與肺癌的關係

吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升，究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe5SvIxr5ch
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDtWiEWJ9b1
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKxCIZC5MzA
（圖2）講述之前，我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSzeKNrJuhO
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCgoBeC9XrT
正常的細胞，裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度，確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc9pA0oO6g8
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候，大致上會迎來四個結局。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡranrFFVQ9Y
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVksL4QZHuv
通常情況下，細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異，使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKk4PN7vD8
若果DNA修復機制失效的話，免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物，將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxIOZoZO0d
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQtl74Tz3v
而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話，便會有兩種可能性的發生。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUxC2sdindk
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPCaCkkEaa7
假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話，細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖，形成腫瘤。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXr9mhRChfA
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIY1Sxf6yAP
而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話，那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞，繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJzymShvcex
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7aBPr2IXpT
總言而之，DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ55yulmFkCZ
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBccut4Guxz
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMnyOUdj8so
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO44OezVmam
（圖3）為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響，有研究找來對應群組（3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓）作檢驗(Ref1)，分別抽取各人的氣管細胞，以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA，以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfOJYAdNjou
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTfJps5fVs9
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWcc9c1BHW
（圖4）DNA的變異有幾種方式，如圖中所見，吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWYa7ghQtJ
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Jkk1pJFdb
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGaFtE1GziZ
（圖5）而最為重要的是，吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變，這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxj2jyjiBvN
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf2ILFcfSJ6
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOmBY5Q5gJz
（圖6）當然，凡事也是有例外的！528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj8bjkiNMaN
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyOSOrbD11Y
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaVzDRnxBwJ
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCjGZDNhEpZ
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTNJreG3ZpW
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunqDKq6KTa
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ27ze9MpNd
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxavmIT7tL
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg6mEHYbI9x
Link:528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3SedJnvxef
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXqw0hA2ccw
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkFUGUmF9Tc
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3TwS9r57Y
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQapseItir
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡml8By8Tn4I
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVtL8BZXC3D
528Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzKW5YaWV2V
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1