科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–吸煙與肺癌的關係

吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升，究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCXFdP6B8a3
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（圖2）講述之前，我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShQNgRbDJy
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正常的細胞，裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度，確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqV1r0fr65L
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候，大致上會迎來四個結局。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWQJBNPu0O
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通常情況下，細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異，使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvulXobdatz
若果DNA修復機制失效的話，免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物，將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTiJgI5Hnvl
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而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話，便會有兩種可能性的發生。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS8YDvzDrdj
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假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話，細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖，形成腫瘤。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi6SdP79tJ9
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而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話，那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞，繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd8zjfhE0H6
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總言而之，DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ralOAFzSR
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（圖3）為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響，有研究找來對應群組（3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓）作檢驗(Ref1)，分別抽取各人的氣管細胞，以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA，以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPGXi8F5nA1
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（圖4）DNA的變異有幾種方式，如圖中所見，吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyOnjenOrra
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（圖5）而最為重要的是，吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變，這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwdGCHQRX4T
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（圖6）當然，凡事也是有例外的！581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxm1NdO9JTI
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4N7Nh8RO2w
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvqOMx4Seps
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhNfikjBPkY
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1