早前各地均收到中國寄送的不明種子包裹,招來各地區政府的警覺,不斷提醒市民千萬不要種植不明來歷的植物,以免釀成生態災難。463Please respect copyright.PENANAhohqamkBxX
463Please respect copyright.PENANASiCcjVnCep
外來品種對本土生態所造成的傷害是可以非常巨大的。事實上,美國、加拿大及各歐洲地區現正亦面對著一場生態災難的風波。463Please respect copyright.PENANAmmQWOCvg9t
463Please respect copyright.PENANAg1WQNRJKrE
463Please respect copyright.PENANAcAgbFOtofc
早在2002年,美國密歇根州首度發現名為Emerald Ash Borer的甲蟲(光臘瘦吉丁蟲, EAB)品種出現,相信是從亞洲經由黏附在貨物的方式抵達美國,其後亦陸續在加拿大及歐洲地區發現。463Please respect copyright.PENANAnP3xY4B5ax
463Please respect copyright.PENANAXZ1opTExLE
EAB及其幼蟲主要以侵蝕梣樹(Ash tree)為生,至今摧毀了美洲數以億計的梣樹。463Please respect copyright.PENANAWdJJciTNP3
463Please respect copyright.PENANAsS7sWYF39O
梣樹是製造傢俬、棒球棍及結他的材料,同時亦是各鳥類及昆蟲的住所。463Please respect copyright.PENANAP4axD5Lgz7
而基於梣樹的樹木亦會用作柴火燃燒之用,人為物流同時間亦加速了EAB在各地區的散播。463Please respect copyright.PENANAw1lBtTH7ud
463Please respect copyright.PENANAf6ADbCdV1l
(圖2)然而,亞洲地區尤其是中國因為擁有龐大數量的EAB捕食者,所以樹木被受侵蝕的情況並不算是嚴重。463Please respect copyright.PENANAwSU7HS4AGa
463Please respect copyright.PENANAQJC6k93xl6
463Please respect copyright.PENANAR2iocstoEm
正因如此,美國及加拿大相繼引入中國4種不同品種的黃蜂(Ref1),藉此希望抑制EAB在大自然間的數量。463Please respect copyright.PENANAuCLXcXUYba
463Please respect copyright.PENANAWu1AsfxSAu
2009年至2014年間,美國分別在300個受侵地區釋放數十萬隻雌性黃蜂(及一定比例的男性),並錄得EAB幼蟲90%的下跌。463Please respect copyright.PENANAh4q9NIOUkO
結果雖有成效,但這始終是一種引入外來物種對抗外來物種的做法,難保會否構成另一種生態災難,報告(Ref1)指出將會密切觀察引入中國黃蜂物種所帶來的效果。463Please respect copyright.PENANAzWkNrSbgi6
463Please respect copyright.PENANAgZg2674z4P
(圖3)同時間,科學家發現中國地區的樹木品種相對上較為有效抵抗EAB的侵襲。463Please respect copyright.PENANAaZ69ecgfdA
463Please respect copyright.PENANAZZPrznu039
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基於這點,科學家分析各地區的樹木基因(Ref2),推斷至少有53種基因促使中國樹木較為有效抵抗EAB侵襲。463Please respect copyright.PENANAdQ5CcWs9xa
463Please respect copyright.PENANAiJP1vF16xg
當中其中一種有著顯著分別的基因主要負責製造木質素(Lignin),而各文獻亦有證據指出木質素(Lignin)有著保護樹木內層及釋放物質吸引EAB捕食者前來的效果。463Please respect copyright.PENANAMnTi1gBKE7
463Please respect copyright.PENANAoUfo4ASZZJ
現時美國雖然已用上引入捕食者及殺蟲劑的做法抑壓EAB的數量增長,但樹木侵蝕的現象並未有完全地根治及解決。463Please respect copyright.PENANAsFL6VOPgr1
長遠來說,利用基因改造技術把相關的基因編輯在美國本土的樹木,或許才能徹底根治問題。463Please respect copyright.PENANAadr4dRMUDL
463Please respect copyright.PENANA49TEcYQ9Cs
總而言之,外來物種的入侵,將會對當地的生態及經濟構成相當大的負擔,任何市民均有責任及義務杜絕此等事情發生。463Please respect copyright.PENANAYEWw5QM5BL
463Please respect copyright.PENANAGpT8mypjII
463Please respect copyright.PENANAI4gbk9RvIV
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。463Please respect copyright.PENANAj3BbgVkaV3
463Please respect copyright.PENANAEvWryPWnpD
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc463Please respect copyright.PENANA9kG70Z1XAS
463Please respect copyright.PENANARD6f6aeLWR
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。463Please respect copyright.PENANA2n87fEQWF6
463Please respect copyright.PENANAYor3iwp5xC
Link:463Please respect copyright.PENANABCg3z4PMBk
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio463Please respect copyright.PENANAPbkhVGdUe3
463Please respect copyright.PENANAbyYacZF6et
463Please respect copyright.PENANATDilNeXkkg
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。463Please respect copyright.PENANAJq05wONUsw
Ref1:https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/49122463Please respect copyright.PENANAxAtK0XGSsb
Ref2:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1209-3463Please respect copyright.PENANAJvn5oDL2EX
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
Author:
薯仔聞茱莉
ISSUE #57
深入淺出–外來物種對本土生態的影響
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