過度開採環境，最終受害的只會是人類自己。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGrgZ02cJw
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（圖1）19世紀，日本三井金屬礦業的神岡礦山過度開採，排出的重金屬累積在泥土裡頭，導致河旁的稻田穀物受到鎘(Cadmium)重金屬污染。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTq16zA2AMS
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不知情的居民長期服用鎘污染的稻米，骨骼逐漸變得鬆脆，腎臟亦受到嚴重傷害。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdeRaE43q8k
最終日本醫生成功證實得到病因來自攝取過量的重金屬鎘，並把患者經常呻痛的病徵命名為痛痛病(‎Itai-itai disease)。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdmXQGVXgaa
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而稻米的鎘含度自此受到重視，世衛WHO更將大麥的鎘上限設為0.1mg kg−1，亦即是每一公斤大麥只可有一微克鎘。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfdLxVvSLvl
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（圖2）一直以來，科學家已找出不少穀物吸取或代謝重金屬的基因，把穀物改造，盡量減低重金屬累積在穀物的程度。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNsR3LI2N08
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近日有科學家比較世界100款大麥的鎘數量(Ref1)，發現日本一款Haruna Nijo大麥的鎘含量最高(0.04mg kg−1），而阿富汗BCS318大麥款式則為最低(0.01mg kg−1）。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3oUtnu0aPt
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（圖3）一輪比較過後，科學家證實阿富汗大麥的HvHMA3蛋白質數量比較多，為大麥減少吸收泥土鎘金屬的主因。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLilx6L3wLc
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最後證實，歸根原因是一段特定的基因安插在HvHMA3蛋白質基因的前頭，催促HvHMA3蛋白質的產生。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuWW85uSz7e
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科學家後來再找尋另外334款大麥，發覺有54種同樣被安插在同樣位置，而那54款品種又的確是含有較少的鎘金屬數量。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj1fleXu0Hb
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最後，科學家把那段基因插在日本Haruna Nijo大麥的適當位置上，同樣亦能將鎘金屬數量減至與阿富汗品種相同，而產量及其他各種礦物質的含量並沒有任何的大改變。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡukYI5s4bYN
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此基因的排序及位置已公開在資料庫上，好讓各種基因學家或相關人士可作參考盡量減低日後穀物的鎘金屬數量。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZCfL9xxqQv
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm3vX0UqfLb
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZoZU9kISo
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4cC3iBIyue
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3O6IWP6GZn
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0EJVIbAmMx
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0130-x915Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6zo9V31Q7o
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