科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–癌細胞與免疫細胞之間的營養爭奪

癌細胞所在的環境裡，佈滿各式各樣的細胞。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNM4YR8exop
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當中有為數不少的是免疫細胞，只可是癌細胞發展出不同的機制躲避免疫細胞的攻勢，因此周遭的免疫細胞並沒能發揮其殺滅不良細胞的功效。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhjg9vwoaOE
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無論如何，它們同在一個環境裡，無可避免要面對一個問題，就是如何分配糧食。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLM2vIKVv90
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(圖2)在癌細胞所在的環境裡，以葡萄糖(Glucose)及麩醯胺酸(Glutamine)為營養界別含量最多的兩大元首。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4PQtuvJUol
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研究發現，如果對比單一細胞的營養吸收速度的話，免疫細胞吸取葡萄糖的速度比癌細胞的為快。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb4NhVy5BjL
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反之，癌細胞吸取麩醯胺酸的速度則比免疫細胞的為快。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZREMjUHJC
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(圖3)重要的是，如果利用藥物阻截兩款細胞吸取麩醯胺酸的話，它們均會啟動機制加快吸收葡萄糖的速度，從而彌補營養所需。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWx3dGBKAs
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換句話說，它們配備使用及吸收兩種營養的能力，可根據環境供求而隨時變陣。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAi6YPDMH3f
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(圖4)雖然免疫細胞吸取葡萄糖的速度比癌細胞的為快，但如果計算整個環境的吸收總量的話，基於癌細胞數量多於免疫細胞，癌細胞共吸收環境葡萄糖總量達70%有多，而其餘免疫細胞的吸取量則只佔餘下的30%。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw4YJNsyBS6
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亦即是說，依靠葡萄糖吸取量來探測癌細胞存在的技術(FDG-PET)，其癌細胞所在的環境至少有30%的訊號是來自免疫細胞，而非癌細胞。471Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhEGOeortFf
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