吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升,究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?365Please respect copyright.PENANA8SuKj0Kj4t
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(圖2)講述之前,我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。365Please respect copyright.PENANA7Mic54UZcu
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正常的細胞,裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度,確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。365Please respect copyright.PENANAdVT7k88H54
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候,大致上會迎來四個結局。365Please respect copyright.PENANAmHR7ZNiyUP
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通常情況下,細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異,使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。365Please respect copyright.PENANA9DyDTStSmk
若果DNA修復機制失效的話,免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物,將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。365Please respect copyright.PENANAb4lAKxzZq4
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而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話,便會有兩種可能性的發生。365Please respect copyright.PENANAW0YeASk457
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假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話,細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖,形成腫瘤。365Please respect copyright.PENANAnXnnx7EMy2
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而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話,那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞,繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。365Please respect copyright.PENANAiGtrImTC6W
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總言而之,DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。365Please respect copyright.PENANApRvE6Qra0z
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(圖3)為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響,有研究找來對應群組(3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓)作檢驗(Ref1),分別抽取各人的氣管細胞,以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA,以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。365Please respect copyright.PENANArWhui1CdbO
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(圖4)DNA的變異有幾種方式,如圖中所見,吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。365Please respect copyright.PENANAvzyRzzj3Ij
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(圖5)而最為重要的是,吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變,這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。365Please respect copyright.PENANAK2JgVZnS4Y
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(圖6)當然,凡事也是有例外的!365Please respect copyright.PENANAoVBDXFxMZQ
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1
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