科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–抗生素為人類與細菌的戰場

抗生素是其中一種應付細菌或微生物的手段，以Virginiamycin M2(VM2)這抗生素為例，它能夠與細菌的核糖體（Ribosome)結合，從而抑制細菌的生長及繁殖。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5XqA3rdBGT
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為應對抗生素的襲擊，細菌亦會發展出不同的機制作出制衡。同樣以VM2作為例子，細菌會生產一隻名為VatA酵素，能夠有效對VM2進行改造。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ80jSUzbwqp
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被改造的VM2再也無法合併及阻礙Ribosome功能，細菌亦得以繼續無阻繁殖，展示出抗藥性。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvQ7btGjyX9
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（圖2）最近，有科學家應用名為Modular Synthesis的技術進行應對(Ref1)。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnEq0yTr1YS
簡單來說，Modular Synthesis就把化學物當作是砌LEGO一樣，能夠任意在短時間內改組化學物的各個部位。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTt457A1wPt
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如圖中所示，化學物各顏色部位均能轉變成其相應顏色的組件。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwpT6d03Ao
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（圖3）經過一輪的驗證後，科學家發現細菌VatA酵素會在VM2某部位(C14)進行改造，但箇中過程將會與VM2另一個位置(C4)進行觸碰。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0QW8kssvid
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基於這點，科學家特意在C4部位裝上一大串臃腫的化學結構，促使細菌VatA酵素無法與VM2進行互動的同時，亦能確保人為改造的VM2能夠使細菌的Ribosome功能受阻。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqkMwyi7pyh
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當然，並不難想像細菌會隨著時間的增長發展出另一種新穎的應對方法，到時候科學家會否重用Modular Synthesis技倆應對，或者發展出一道一勞永逸的方法，就有待我們細心等候了。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ81zHEgquny
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暫時來說，這場道高一尺、魔高一丈的遊戲，應該還要持續好一段的時間。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV2YL8lmAUO
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10zVAfE6Yu
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkfoeovpz1e
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4fpAKxqEOu
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYBIpouLqA
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzSDYqORizp
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2761-3790Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaeUXWOK2ay

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