科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–精準控制液體流動的手段

要準確地移動固體並不是難事，但要精準控制液體流動的話就絕對不簡單了。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYckJrG4JZs
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（圖2）近日香港大學的科學家們研發出一種三層物料（Ref1)，展示出精準控制液體流動的手段。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxOVR3pYXHf
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物料的外層為排斥液體層，只要液體的體積控制在一定的程度下，水、酒精及各式各樣的液體將會被鎖定為水珠狀，不會仙女散花灑在地上。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0OsYyWG9F7
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而物料的中心層則有著把熱力轉化成為電力的特質，底層則有光線轉化成熱力的特性。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNN2jXGjpHD
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當利用激光照射到物料後，底層的物料便會將光線轉化成為熱能，其熱力將會在中心層轉化為為電能，而中心層電能的電極則會吸引位於上層的液體水珠前來。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq0xU0gh4QM
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（圖3）利用這個機制，他們可以任意操控液體的移動方向，使水珠反地心吸力行走，甚至是把兩顆水珠混合在一起。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlaCIGleww
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（圖4）把水珠混合在一起後，他們亦有能力把水珠一分為二，甚至能精準切割水珠的大小。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtIzf09KNtn
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（圖5）如果利用水珠製成「汽車」輪胎的話，甚至可以利用激光引領「汽車」行走。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbwV7eX250
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在越來講求精準的時代，這種控制液體的手法將會帶來無窮的可能性。舉例來說，科學家可以透過光線調控腐蝕性液體與物件接觸的時間、研究多種液體混合的化學作用等等。1780Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvL7sqCeKny
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Ref1:https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/38/eabc1693