血型有很多種分類方法,較為最用的是ABO血型及Rh+-方法,原因是這兩種方法尤其是ABO血型方面出現不配合情況的話,將會引起實際上的醫學負面效果。619Please respect copyright.PENANA0zjiBaMCiG
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而其他類型血型分辨方式得出的結果就算有所不吻合,也不會釀成重大或可見的醫學問題。619Please respect copyright.PENANAdujsHZ0yZ7
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(圖1)ABO血型的界定,取決於紅血球上的表面糖份組織結構,而每個紅血球的表面則接近有差唔多一百萬份這些糖份組織結構。619Please respect copyright.PENANAyqyhmnRsTq
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除紅血球外,身體器官各細胞也擁有這些ABO糖份組織,所以在器官移植領域上亦相當重視ABO的吻合度。619Please respect copyright.PENANAnPhgdtY7zF
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(圖2)我們體內產生的抗體,將會用來對抗外來品種的紅血球。619Please respect copyright.PENANAR2pUewTXnK
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O型血的人體內會產生出對抗A及B型糖份結構的抗體,摧毀對應的紅血球功能,因此沒法接收A、B或者AB血型的血液。619Please respect copyright.PENANAbrXoxAOpyM
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有一點值得注意的是,無論任何血型的血液也好,我們體內均沒有對抗O血型糖份結構的抗體。619Please respect copyright.PENANAXQhTZdzF8W
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(圖3)正因為沒有O型抗體這回事,若然利用蛋白酶改變紅血球表面的糖份組織結構,就能夠統一將所有血型O型化,簡化思考抗體排斥的問題。619Please respect copyright.PENANAYmT4DMqOzO
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這是不少科學家一直在研究的問題,事實上早在80年代已成功把B型血轉化成為O型血,但所需的功夫並不符合成本效益。619Please respect copyright.PENANAqHGop9t3bW
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現時科學家們已逐步找出合適及有效率的蛋白酶能夠轉化各血型為O血型(Ref1),若能夠在學界及醫學界裡取得共識的話,將會在器官移植方面尤其有用,大幅度減免各種不理想的排斥反應。619Please respect copyright.PENANA4HRwM8ZWvd
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。619Please respect copyright.PENANAVcb7JSqxEF
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio619Please respect copyright.PENANAaHfWJDZEPM
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。619Please respect copyright.PENANAp6h2rthMPE
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Ref1: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956546/619Please respect copyright.PENANAzAB1WltzsE