科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–基因改造蚊子

埃及斑蚊，英文名為yellow fever mosquito，學名為Aedes aegypti，是白紋伊蚊的近親。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKh2eJvpAe9
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（圖1）男性品種不會叮人，只有女性品種才會叮人，藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg8QnbCT6AB
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子，但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6GPMx7imh
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而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係，建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84v1sf9AAf
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（圖2）有見及此，Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEPolX5fzCI
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素（Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候，研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素，但當他們被放到野外的時候，便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素，沒能順利生長成為蚊子。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbUkbiTAqT
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男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話，將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGH5t937TL
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在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下，正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子，而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWwEHaL3Z2
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以這個方式推算下去的話，蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNQyIplemlX
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（圖3）Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3vLbfdKjd
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCAQugMgB46
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今年2020年8月，他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvGiyM7voCP
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此舉泛起不少反對聲音，不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlnDtBXCEC9
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亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡，奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊，不會影響其他蚊子品種，其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替，不見得有任何大影響。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8JJsQUovN
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至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域，這點反而有著潛在的可能性，值得探討一下。

睇番一大輪資料後，發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法，18個月之內係有成效，之後蚊子數量回升。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8H0FgK3tw
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今次美國所用的方法係OX5034，同舊原理差唔多，但女性BB會死，而男性BB唔會。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1KjGibBPsr
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無睇到佢哋媒體資料，只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章，所以資料有錯，對不起。

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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8EykYQ6H3g
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Y282JDVCM
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Ref:775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXhGlpQn4E6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPDCkDEXsLP
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhT2yrfaYyR
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/775Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLLsJG9oj1U
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/

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