上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。833Please respect copyright.PENANAf5EFciFC6j
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https://www.penana.com/article/468715833Please respect copyright.PENANA3rDPPD9Ll7
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適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。833Please respect copyright.PENANAmq07wHjN2C
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。833Please respect copyright.PENANAmHZkzo0NNV833Please respect copyright.PENANATcLff9ljC7
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圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。833Please respect copyright.PENANAhAkwVq8IJf
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但實情其實並非如此。833Please respect copyright.PENANAZoiDt8jQ3r833Please respect copyright.PENANAwLaTqQcP4Z
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圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。833Please respect copyright.PENANA9MIME7cRwp
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圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;833Please respect copyright.PENANA7NBiBrdktH
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這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。833Please respect copyright.PENANA1n9k6DubhV
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Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。833Please respect copyright.PENANAT8o7qdTM9U
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強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。833Please respect copyright.PENANAwUkDHLwdvX
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。833Please respect copyright.PENANA7qaaQbUjEU
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大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。833Please respect copyright.PENANAQsOxiWLuUr
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我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。833Please respect copyright.PENANADXp8hasgpv
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圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。833Please respect copyright.PENANA7rncMZF3P9
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所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。833Please respect copyright.PENANAbwybFjxT9j
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在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。833Please respect copyright.PENANAeVukeaQGSw
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科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。833Please respect copyright.PENANARStsiSW0Em
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植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。833Please respect copyright.PENANAuF6cXeXjCS
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。833Please respect copyright.PENANAoKX284hCLq
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。833Please respect copyright.PENANADF8vKca0e2
833Please respect copyright.PENANAYbjiAweRfV
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc833Please respect copyright.PENANAYIMCVmxluW
833Please respect copyright.PENANAONgw42Tebf
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。833Please respect copyright.PENANA7jGuGM7lUJ
833Please respect copyright.PENANAK5mVC5OOLw
Link:833Please respect copyright.PENANAD5lvPaKvZ6
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio833Please respect copyright.PENANAvvMbzJygTb
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833Please respect copyright.PENANAXz31HXN8YN
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。833Please respect copyright.PENANAPWW9F2sAVb
833Please respect copyright.PENANAp6vvs3aGRq
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/1075833Please respect copyright.PENANAoK6lhYjIXV
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
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ISSUE #25
深入淺出–植物的「體味」
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