科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–RNA亦可以表達在細胞表面上

人們可以透過語言或肢體動作表達自己所想或傳遞訊息，但身體細胞並沒有「嘴巴」，它們又如何互相溝通呢?620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4aQlEVJulm
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(圖2)其中的一道方法，就是透過自身表面所呈現的物質作為橋樑。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrpE0Wv9NM3
譬如說，當人體細胞表面的ACE2蛋白質或Neuropilin1蛋白質與武肺病毒表面的S蛋白質結合的話，武肺病毒便會入侵身體細胞裡頭。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM3WSFnPbOJ
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若細胞沒有ACE2/ Neuropilin1蛋白質的話，除非有額外的輔助，武肺病毒便沒法辨認得到細胞，順之然亦不會入侵對方。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ34C5kOqaWQ
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(圖3)在大多數的情況下，細胞表面的物質均由蛋白質或脂肪所做成，糖份結構亦會鑲嵌在這些物質上，因而改變這些物質的形狀及用途。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xlI1UnsIr
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最近科學家們得出驚人的發現，一些不會參與蛋白質生產的RNA(non-coding RNA)亦會表達在細胞表面上，且有著糖份結構與自身連繫。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHX2ySGV1vo
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這些結構在實驗室細胞及老鼠身上同時能找得到，可以說是大幅度改寫了學術界普遍對RNA功用的看法。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡahk5s82tAT
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而這些表達在細胞表面的RNA究竟有甚麼用途，是否參與在免疫作用等用途，則還需日後一系列的研究。620Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xkJlYWU4G
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Ref1:https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00503-1

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