科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–人之初、性本善？

人之初，性本善。這句說話在現今科學上究竟站不站著腳呢?617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI2UzFOa7Cr
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(圖2)我們腦部有一隻蛋白酶名為Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)，它的功用是分解多巴胺(Dopamine)及血清素(Serotonin)，防止這些物質過量聚集在腦部，避免神經線因這些物質過量聚集而影響正常運作。617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMFPhtwBV6i
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另一方面來看，若MAOA蛋白酶過量產生在大腦裡頭的話，人們便會因血清素過低而陷入抑鬱症狀，因此早期亦有抗抑鬱藥物的設計是抑制MAOA的運作，盡量減少血清素的分解。617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVSCWJGN99v
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(圖3)研究發現，無論人類、老鼠及馬騮，若MAOA基因出現先天性的變異，因而導致腦部的MAOA蛋白酶數量偏少的話，腦部相關的神經物質過量類累積，導致暴力舉動及情緒激動等負面傾向的出現，醫學界命名此疾病為Brunner syndrome，病人較大傾向會犯下縱火、暴力及性罪行。617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfAhOeAMhSB
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而基於這MAOA的基因是位於X染色體裡，男性(只有一條X染色體)出現此病的機率會高於女性(擁有兩條X染色體)，這是因為兩條X染色體同時出現變異的機率比一條X染色體出現變異較低。617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4VDXxiQrjD
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雖則後天教育對個人發展有著極為深厚的影響，但在先天性MAOA基因變異的前提下，有一部份人一出生便已經不是性本善了。617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwSJR6Wh8sY
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/304/5672/818.1.full617Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4O9LO3zUp9
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/262/5133/578.full.pdf