科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–母乳含抵抗病毒細菌的成份

母乳除含有對付病毒細菌的抗體外，亦含有不同款式的糖類化合物，統稱為Human Milk Oligosaccharides(HMO)。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVCiMTDKbW
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這些HMO無法被人體消化，故此接近有90%的HMO均能在嬰兒的便便中尋覓得到。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYteuhEQhtg
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(圖2)細菌病毒大多需要透過腸道細胞表面的蛋白質入侵身體，然而這些HMO的結構與那些蛋白質的形狀非常相似，因此能夠阻擋細菌病毒透過腸道表面蛋白質進入身體。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYf9xjOFRrK
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諾如病毒(Noroviruses)是導致嬰兒肚痾的主要元兇，若母乳某類的HMO含量(lacto-N-difucohexaose)較高的話，嬰兒因此病毒導致肚痾的機率亦會較低。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡejNMjQPJmi
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(圖3)除HMO外，母乳亦含有大量名為乳鐵蛋白(Lactoferrin)的蛋白質。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfsQ3MnZUSS
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它具有吸取細菌所需的鐵質能力，因此能抑制細菌的生長;1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNv9bcoOADo
它亦能破壞某類細菌的細菌壁，直接將細菌擊倒。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMuFyHCMQbd
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在兔仔及老鼠的動物模型實驗中，乳鐵蛋白對抗細菌的能力亦得以證實。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaV7zh8DtEM
有研究嘗試為嬰兒產品加入乳鐵蛋白成份，亦錄得嬰兒肚痾次數或脫水機率得以降低。1165Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSQIx1VJjw
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Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036098/

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