除水災外,蝗禍亦會對糧食供應做成極大的傷害。565Please respect copyright.PENANAZxIxgo5wf8
565Please respect copyright.PENANAVENj723eEy
(圖1)蝗蟲可以分成為兩個形態,獨居形態(Solitary)和群居形態(Gregarious)。當獨居蝗蟲聚集在一起後,牠們身體便會由綠色轉變成黑色,成為群居蝗蟲,同時間亦會在體內產生Phenylacetonitrile (PAN)化學物。565Please respect copyright.PENANAV6bhXRNDVw
565Please respect copyright.PENANAK9Aiiywg0A
565Please respect copyright.PENANAIaFwiDHgb0
565Please respect copyright.PENANASFRKxOTfn1
群居蝗蟲受到捕食者攻擊的話,身體裡的PAN化學物便會迅速代謝成為山埃。目的就是如果自己受傷甚至是不幸戰敗的話,對手亦會因為進食自己含有山埃的部份而中毒身亡,玉石俱焚。565Please respect copyright.PENANANr3zixfuFr
565Please respect copyright.PENANA8MXfNLkWg2
565Please respect copyright.PENANAKOse1FJb3K
2020年8月12日,有科學家在《Science》期刊發表學術文章,講述一道關於蝗蟲的研究。565Please respect copyright.PENANAFxV5Ah54M7
565Please respect copyright.PENANAD8CPVcjxCG
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2610-4565Please respect copyright.PENANAP7DtpJWCzL
565Please respect copyright.PENANAWj1X6qLVrA
(圖2)他們發現,若果群居蝗蟲聚集數量多於4隻的話,牠們的身體及糞便會散發出一隻名為4VA(4-Vinylanisole)的化學物。565Please respect copyright.PENANAoYwUtnk6P3
565Please respect copyright.PENANAJjU4SM4pjC
565Please respect copyright.PENANAitVw7gNNKE
不論是獨居蝗蟲還是群居蝗蟲,亦不論性別,牠們均會被4VA化學物深深吸引,從而聚集成群,並繼續不斷散發4VA化學物,無止境地召集同伴,建組蝗蟲大軍。565Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZqWTkTB6A
565Please respect copyright.PENANAevXOtJx9Ea
科學家亦發現,蝗蟲觸鬚裡頭名為OR35的嗅覺細胞主力負責感測4VA的存在。當利用基因CRISPR技術移除蝗蟲OR35嗅覺細胞的話,牠們便會失去聚集的能力,進一步確立4VA的重要性;565Please respect copyright.PENANA3pZdW8QwoG
目前為止,他們並沒有發現或研發化學物可以抑制蝗蟲的OR35嗅覺細胞。565Please respect copyright.PENANAnR58QZFQNj
565Please respect copyright.PENANAuHk4dp56AV
他們亦嘗試進行實地研究,在野外設立8個含有4VA化學物的捕蝗網。統計過後,捕獲的蝗蟲數量的確有所上升,但並非超級顯著。(圖3)565Please respect copyright.PENANAhrbkjk39eC
565Please respect copyright.PENANAHE4r5TLrlg
565Please respect copyright.PENANAH86dapPu1b
565Please respect copyright.PENANAgOaMTO0f1F
雖然如此,如果設立的數量足夠的話,不排除可以能夠誘導蝗蟲群組遠離農地,保護農作物。565Please respect copyright.PENANAv0uPV0wuCm
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
Author:
薯仔聞茱莉
ISSUE #18
<<深入淺出–抵擋蝗蟲的最新研究>>
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