科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–黃金葡萄球菌的「黃金」

黃金葡萄球菌這字眼，周不時亦會在新聞媒體聽得到。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyiUMoga5g
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它之所以被冠以黃金這稱號，是因為它能夠製造大量金黃色的葡萄球菌黃素 (Staphyloxanthin)，以及微量黃色化合物4,4‘-Diaponeurosporene。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUJwIWgjmqu
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（圖2）當細菌入侵腸道的時候，我們的腸道內壁細胞及前來救駕的免疫細胞會釋出微量雙氧水等的游離基(Reactive oxygen species)，對細菌進行攻擊。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXpCMuj5e2i
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但黃金葡萄球菌的金黃色葡萄球菌黃素及另外那種黃色化學物正是能夠中和游離基攻擊的色素，因此免疫系統所產生的游離基攻擊對它傷害不大。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6J5483hwOd
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然而，如果刪去製作色素的蛋白酶，「黃金」葡萄球菌失去抵擋游離基的手段，對宿主的感染力亦因而大大減低。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsdrPZBc7M
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（圖3）同時間，若將負責製造黃色色素的蛋白酶從黃金葡萄球菌轉移到另一款葡萄球菌，獲得了色素製作能力的它在老鼠身上所造成的感染傷害亦更之為強，引證色素對於細菌感染力的重要性。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdkjEKiVeV7
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（圖4）再舉另外一道例子，Cryptococcus neoformans是一種真菌(fungus)，796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6lk8l97KnN
它能夠製作黑色素(Melanin)，亦即是上集所談及決定髮膚眼色的色素。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTJb6wUiQMh
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黑色素除了跟金黃色葡萄球菌黃素一樣能夠抵擋游離基的攻擊外，其本身帶有負極的性質更能與兩隻帶有正極的常用抗真菌素(amphotericin B 及 caspofungin)結合，大大削弱藥物傷害真菌的能力。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvJ7r71mnH9
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延伸閱讀:796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3K4P4MhSdG
深入淺出–從深海生物中發掘出抗真菌藥物796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83pGwkjWWP
- 分享自 LIHKG 討論區796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLxH5DDs2IZ
https://lih.kg/2296185796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡudDbEzsr0I
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHiQfSuQBJ7
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x9G094TPZ
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhrfA6J2pia
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ11U2DvwcyT
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTIAxG5aTZ
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Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743764/796Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoAD6RwgZoY

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