科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–黃金葡萄球菌的「黃金」

黃金葡萄球菌這字眼，周不時亦會在新聞媒體聽得到。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaFuaOIsr0k
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它之所以被冠以黃金這稱號，是因為它能夠製造大量金黃色的葡萄球菌黃素 (Staphyloxanthin)，以及微量黃色化合物4,4‘-Diaponeurosporene。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡatcWQzbFDQ
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（圖2）當細菌入侵腸道的時候，我們的腸道內壁細胞及前來救駕的免疫細胞會釋出微量雙氧水等的游離基(Reactive oxygen species)，對細菌進行攻擊。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡViBPqTAyWv
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但黃金葡萄球菌的金黃色葡萄球菌黃素及另外那種黃色化學物正是能夠中和游離基攻擊的色素，因此免疫系統所產生的游離基攻擊對它傷害不大。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVpaC2xAnd
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然而，如果刪去製作色素的蛋白酶，「黃金」葡萄球菌失去抵擋游離基的手段，對宿主的感染力亦因而大大減低。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY7FwWmGS6K
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（圖3）同時間，若將負責製造黃色色素的蛋白酶從黃金葡萄球菌轉移到另一款葡萄球菌，獲得了色素製作能力的它在老鼠身上所造成的感染傷害亦更之為強，引證色素對於細菌感染力的重要性。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpXJRMEiy7l
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（圖4）再舉另外一道例子，Cryptococcus neoformans是一種真菌(fungus)，795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuBWEJnnW7z
它能夠製作黑色素(Melanin)，亦即是上集所談及決定髮膚眼色的色素。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvz7XRqrcn
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黑色素除了跟金黃色葡萄球菌黃素一樣能夠抵擋游離基的攻擊外，其本身帶有負極的性質更能與兩隻帶有正極的常用抗真菌素(amphotericin B 及 caspofungin)結合，大大削弱藥物傷害真菌的能力。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡroHUF2R2yn
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延伸閱讀:795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXDKTYJXtm
深入淺出–從深海生物中發掘出抗真菌藥物795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5nFzbE5m8r
- 分享自 LIHKG 討論區795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGT4ZSili2u
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSXUcoYmUZ
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPTyHhpkZ4e
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡirqKDcwfuW
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiuhf556G8Z
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9rtdFNVeiv
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Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743764/795Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqD7SpTaDD7

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