科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–海洋溫度正循著上升還是下降的趨勢？

極端氣候開始陸續浮現，人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上，我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkYGQ78rdFw
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本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5WRUMl98K
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（圖2）二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWRGmG6s78
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用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看，碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現，其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數，達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63kV3SBkqf
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氧原子亦是同一道理，在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWq075tap8
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整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣，雖然同是香蕉狀，但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ZnEc4Topg
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（圖3）位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應，因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmuWHBj82mV
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非常重要的是，這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMXG7pLmYs2
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亦即是說，溫度越高的話，越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzy1roK50sI
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（圖4）科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態，從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOnYH3JobV
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從圖中可見，海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEiHuqkedL1
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海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈，而海洋溫度正不斷下降，究竟是好還是壞呢？440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZDNU3Lvf5
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Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhIprIecRPn
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148440Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4bhMZF8evn

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