科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–為何北杏比南杏更具毒性？

全球約有2000種植物含有物質可揮發成為山埃氣體，南北杏就是其中的兩種。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1CIzhDkz8Z
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南杏仁又稱之為甜杏仁(sweet apricot kernel)，而北杏仁則為苦杏仁(bitter apricot kernel)。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf7Ypdt8pCn
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相對上，南杏仁的毒性比北杏仁遠之為低。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWxQDCX2LP2
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（圖2）南北杏內含化學物質扁桃苷(Amygdalin)，以及能夠分解扁桃苷並釋放出山埃的酵素。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5lYHVNtuPk
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在正常情況下，扁桃苷及能夠分解它的酵素就像是牛郎及織女一樣被分隔開兩地。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWoWN3VHHsc
而當我們嘴嚼南北杏的時候，其內部結構便會有所破壞，酵素亦得以與扁桃苷接觸，並釋發出對人體有害的山埃物質;919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj4eyMXjCVR
與此同時，胃酸及腸道細菌亦有能力將扁桃苷分解成為山埃。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9e0BqYQkRJ
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（圖3）每克北杏仁大概含有26 ± 14 mg扁桃苷，而每克南杏仁則大概含有0.16 ± 0.09 mg扁桃苷。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYHzGabHZG
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基於北杏所含的扁桃苷比南杏為高，因此相對上北杏在體內釋放出的山埃亦會較多。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6lD9UVMAq
山埃能夠抑制細胞產生能源的機制，對於經常性需要使用能源的心臟及大腦尤其傷害為深。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdbbmZxgXnG
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口服山埃致命量為0.56mg/體重kg，以一個重80 kg的暴力警察為例，他口服44.8mg山埃後便會中毒致死。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡket3QWdZYC
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每457克的扁桃苷約可釋出26克的山埃，以北杏每克含有40mg扁桃苷作計算的話，80 kg的暴力警察攝取多少克北杏便會中毒身亡呢?919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOwk9kbA8B
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgLJSBzqzlk
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡahd9ihZIZ9
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpepoKCHBz9
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Link:919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbcY0kceIhR
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0jeECocQmP
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnKl9H7BS7C
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Ref1:https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4424919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiZh2rem39K
Ref2:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02772248.2015.1030667

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