現今已知接近有7萬幾種的基因變異會引起疾病。503Please respect copyright.PENANAz2ybPPUKqo503Please respect copyright.PENANAg57SWrMYjh
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隨著CRISPR基因編輯技術的興起,將會為根治這些疾病帶來曙光。503Please respect copyright.PENANAmNoCu0rSKs
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(圖2)圖中將展示「舊式」的編輯方法HDR(Homology Directed Repair)機制。503Please respect copyright.PENANArGcgn6mFF7503Please respect copyright.PENANAr0yo8mgQmI
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sgRNA將會引領Cas9蛋白質抵達不理想的基因突變位置,其後Cas9蛋白質會將基因斬斷成兩截;503Please respect copyright.PENANARzowpZIItK
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根據Cas9蛋白質的特性,可修改至只斬一條特定的DNA位置,其後會再提及。503Please respect copyright.PENANAjJB5g0DHaW
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(圖3)此時候,如果將盛載想修改的基因排組送到斷成兩截的基因附近,細胞便會加以利用,將原本的紫色區域改成為黃色區域。503Please respect copyright.PENANAFAORdUeXfJ503Please respect copyright.PENANAdj4ET5oM0j
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但這個方法的隨機性非常之高,最終結果有可能會出現基因刪減,又或者是其他基因排組的插入。503Please respect copyright.PENANAjwvy6refLg
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套用基因編輯技術於治療病人身上的話,精準度必須要非常之高,此手段明顯並不理想。503Please respect copyright.PENANAeGw4YiWTbP
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(圖4)至於新式編輯方法Prime Editing方面,同樣亦是套用CRISPR技術,但各組件及理念則有所修改。503Please respect copyright.PENANAq3TeINrejA503Please respect copyright.PENANAVbvba3Brkx
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擁有Transcriptase Domain的Cas9變種蛋白質將會被含有預想修改基因排組的pegRNA引領到不理想的基因突變位置,而這一次只會斬斷特定的一條DNA。503Please respect copyright.PENANAE8j351TjCg
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(圖5)其後,Cas9變種蛋白質會讀取pegRNA內含的預想修改基因排組,並將一條DNA的基因排組成功修改。503Please respect copyright.PENANATorRwdwz8H503Please respect copyright.PENANAFs5YGAQ2GM
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經過一系列難以深入淺出的程序後,最終亦會完成成功修改雙方兩截的DNA。503Please respect copyright.PENANAUMWeA2Sm0Z
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(圖6)紅色區域為不理想的基因修改結果(Ref2),新式編輯方法PrimeEditing明顯優勝於舊式編輯方法HDR,但仍有一定程度的進步空間。503Please respect copyright.PENANAGefK5kwT5r503Please respect copyright.PENANAAN0TFa6dyw
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有朝一日,CRISPR基因編輯技術定必會在治療疾病上得以普及化。503Please respect copyright.PENANAu2NJoDSFHC
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc503Please respect copyright.PENANAdEQMuuGUqG
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio503Please respect copyright.PENANAaUVh8ds4Rj
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1711-4503Please respect copyright.PENANAxLZldJtz7T
Ref2:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19136-7
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