在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2mUq8fE1mO
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡobWHSSroqA
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYwXwArdkYF
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiwbnxbMJZ
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkFMYp75s7
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSBp6ZzaCza
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ71XsZsNuPX
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡInCImPXWH1
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPvhet9t0j
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSik1NlulpT
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxi4BZCeI0U
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmSefTTu1dc
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhtAq27ywg
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5JxNHYH0m1
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡObHnNbEDuh
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4H7flAuHd
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJMh6PFRnnI
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBaJCdZs0f2
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZCtoHrrVd
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVr213ipdD
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2EfsM4HPuV
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGJSQicv76n
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpm458Ugu0p
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgIU8oqCaXB
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UOunU34pG
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVYuaMw7P4K
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdPGhHbIHrs
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyb9iy4e9Cl
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkGnTeVrrt4
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4VUgRrald
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsF9ScQavea
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpBOuDc76R
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXgYjZhHMqi
____________________________________664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡglohV27bdb
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoQFmZMSBT9
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFAmZeWb7zk
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRoyEMvUrtj
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡejAyxX6zBc
「我是B+....」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwHSAnO7ltb
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCSqCXDbZZ
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8UiNjhADP
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3upvUaR1B8
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBr3Iv6Gm8
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdzAo4d9uyU
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDBK8hFkGsz
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gzqd9R0TJ
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZNqfUeIV7
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgFPD62uksr
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcz8xW3Ar7K
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhSwmHkWY03
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnmzemenEPC
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0VqjIFP3x
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7xSYgOpwV
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFiBsMZZaL
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy9VkQZ5kPL
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDipsaFiSa
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsQaAvLe1Q4
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVeG30J422v
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8z2tOCdOQ
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq2lAfJ2jK4
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVXjYqaGdb
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ju9QVbqM1
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhbNNhPCJm
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1kzSyAKoUS
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlVan6OhPOx
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2faPaTv2lW
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46PdbrCnQQ
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6qNrdsdA1
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD0f11uZa7t
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDCPHa0hTAI
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwuZAPho6lp
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5XC3brDYf
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPfdJ5eBqNE
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYzRZBGb94U
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡifD9p6rPgN
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡULbv8pTM49
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8EMea3ce4Z
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0ZPnspeUU
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPUFlBrtVuv
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXWUE0LapUb
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOIlnI2z858
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7zEL0GQlSz
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfibKKTRDsr
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbtvasIV9K9
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6IdtNqO25f
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwavuFbie3C
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmBuLfOEqmD
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxC6Zxf0Ck
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hXD0J8mt1
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhSOAdeKjxa
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Yfpp0xPpB
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8BqWSpZ5c
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTCfdExZKX6
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡargxMrH1xe
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0t0o4barXM
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdjeOPECsp
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqiCna1DKUo
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelAjgVTa6l
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnLYI0JVFE
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOuoM3IBZyO
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWy3mE4mSSt
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAIEBKAx7rc
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnXqCXxEGyw
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4qaVLYPFYb
______________________________________664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFcROFk8DfG
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg7JCOaxp04
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4fgSndzgD
鈴...鈴...鈴.....664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDH6Rw6H4ht
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLRtkekhxyo
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9mngLpqgK2
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wiDioG5Kp
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnj8xU9fKu0
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLEFva0YlO
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXa7P7FvMFK
「血..血時教授...」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwQMb1kPwr6
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡolPnd2pyMA
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVITZGFKQJZ
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRgPAZd7bp
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlIwXxKQxlR
「......」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WN5n1gerj
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU9ADeC95uk
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1G3UtOAIBN
664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0auuLowUC
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」664Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAK7XHiWgbi
8964 copyright protection660ＰＥＮＡＮＡN0ZZ4egYVk 維尼

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