在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhaqsPZBoK9
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLdKnhpQNt
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6y1alzuPxU
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb8NXSVs5ly
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwYTwowLWF2
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZtKZkblTR
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlhBrmzmcd
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSkGkxnVvaY
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHXJRhizyz
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8RsiSaqRc
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPdi72DoNk
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGg9yPGXT7M
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMumNUXif3
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpe5tQiAH3a
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqd4ku6Qndm
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdorSdRfjwr
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhY49AYy81B
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjVVdx3OTg1
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNUNshRkWq
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡId4jQkaei4
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEu0hpJ7Mkn
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtUQQBaFkPP
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyw4qPuzbGZ
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCcEIzBvOyf
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTbvcTWbUQh
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWDqjmwOITN
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsPyPEj283S
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡowDTzfEYvI
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgvPXD1agYF
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVgosHke9dL
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjaqMqhzkgS
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDgP6qphsaG
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhadw2UdnM
____________________________________572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQ2RAYxAKO
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0t02aGKxja
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXeHhf7EYyn
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQdXqjO4mcH
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWCf5WOxmjS
「我是B+....」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqw0jh38SJl
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwwwDnhwjSu
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX1IkIEjroO
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBq99BmmBm0
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kE0F3KiyQ
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhI4VIx4FqH
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbT567aGCHs
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg11YaAXdl8
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq3eEOj6jjz
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3uFAcjqQA
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ02sG6D04jw
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8H15Nr9P6
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp1WC90ZYCl
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxtlzBAx2QX
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMa8lxIx3fY
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrp6GLe6jYO
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70IL6Myg57
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL9xDmABeQr
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd0WBVTEmlL
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSAHK8Amw1d
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmN0zqAEqum
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuhkgRcEi4C
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ063xbJniGX
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMkynih7U34
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbeoFETEkmG
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ErTdhvImK
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF47vJ51SHB
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtV2kkWrAw
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEI8dMl9Jhm
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqOfd1mR3zx
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVA53NAzROJ
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefUGYFLjKe
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFx0YXXsVdw
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7a1zqitov4
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtpbmj95pp6
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZrnVSPrEcu
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHjbLrGmS0I
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFbBHiGOFDa
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNB5kTjNhgM
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEAMZlEj7dD
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh9cKzCm8BI
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlC0yjwBHAs
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhqM1sJrqd
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnxIrJsqt0c
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBt8O7i9BT
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnU60Sy8S1R
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1kKTdJAhBF
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp2zWi4wbSa
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhCZ1Xfx9ac
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Qbbh9HoO8
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRixzojKP0X
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Tmy4BrGUC
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoiAJvEfQH5
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7SjuH9TN6g
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIwUtb4KdYi
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRQOEXONh1
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0sCRp7ekQ
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIht6hYjwAE
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYrcUKA7TrZ
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3RoadX740G
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4VX3K3STc
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQEzMcR7lXJ
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvHrbShMti
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdokV0UCxH3
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxtssDZ8vDa
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDBq3U6WoLC
______________________________________572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnS26AnEyZH
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡauEsqSS2So
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAH7OQvEoDg
鈴...鈴...鈴.....572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4mLNAZfkbq
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAfnw90i4ZA
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHHUJuKbyRN
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEKFEKmxiG
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshxpTTvOZw
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsdU2xKbW50
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqoTgXUDAx1
「血..血時教授...」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb7Xc6PZsMm
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMXOTFdpwyM
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9GyQQz9L8
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfq2RjHXUum
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ655C0mP6jI
「......」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTcV72lDma
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Y3pULDI8H
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcm5dMdSXGW
572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFZt86ab3rd
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」572Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa3hF1FqDui
8964 copyright protection568ＰＥＮＡＮＡjxkOof2FBI 維尼

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