在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfCaHbJHFl
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpky6v1h7dW
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPXdP18jCyI
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkiP9EEaQmB
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYdM3zMrPeF
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5V1EA8Wfuj
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK1WzN3YVse
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWl1NDns0Cm
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpocp0rg6J4
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYWXuR0LLw
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoV8PHJq0R3
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiqHZwLCHwj
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWvgyaKAuKc
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTkfk3ces5E
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtiBy34j4i
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5hoLx25vdc
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucz3t3tgTf
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEXuexRebBq
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6n5qbZNv4
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaISqsKUN4i
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOya5kqIe5R
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡndgLjrE3kT
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRs9z3YYbP
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEcSiTcuX9r
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcofhtvpGiw
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmaE7YNNLRj
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeEwPHZ8ull
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGkQEw25DFt
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckeo5h2aGt
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeciJXTTOrs
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsuJQaCGMcY
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI5etHuuo35
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOI3ZsNXXXv
____________________________________564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwX6lHdqCte
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqq79ArUb6P
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6lqpFQXy8D
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAgFbcpnNK
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSjuTrdMsuU
「我是B+....」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡchUEaPep7X
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWbUtZuf6p
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaqnUkiGCS0
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcy2jBECJ93
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ljht8j8SL
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNh5tbbWpGD
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOhUOoSnBVK
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ZndsZmyJW
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZKgEOVouPs
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCx7Zh0Oqp
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzTyyWxxHeU
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpVgXipXyP
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQKuIUTNrD
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhyjkuv4n63
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLhN7pNxAZ
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt99IhIwjxT
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3KW9kXq9p0
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Nmtrg2Ddr
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39vMibkjKN
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLoNUk2noVF
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡli9pBpJN7B
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdvSRqWXA4
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboMro6AWYH
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFKSveCuVBB
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3KavSLr2WK
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkDJi4gbBZ
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQreSDME9mo
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpYHVhlTuFd
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpHwXckR8oo
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzAGngASltT
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWDgpTQ8e30
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjfiLDWQeVx
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoO1ElREXOO
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡinzQgm3alX
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYZ2sXgo9l1
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfEuAX3b4my
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX2Zx9UQhUV
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNLdwPkIplS
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡngLECIz1NE
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡliOPZ67O9P
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeHaIyM6s6D
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYtrgEA29Y
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfg5Cr5opRl
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAxAN7ivAji
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ25V1PqmCHs
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOvnKoWyzde
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeK38HoBNMg
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuY61P8HbP
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyrxAgCmw0
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEJw0LXWa1D
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd2jaQAHdH
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Jdst3SP4y
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmca0XNVhUe
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHgm77ZrfNN
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXb70ki9k8j
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0XTXeVJe0
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtmH1Yfjma
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdYzKUZpO3L
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkbjhAbLcSP
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCYb0eAaf9X
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0dHf1wzWr
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdyA4QPQiME
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvTfOAoo9xH
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9wVlUuZpMZ
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEfk3I3uTYX
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdSfdbuH6I
______________________________________564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhMLMfMy7A0
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0MhFKDQTBE
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8thm3jtpD
鈴...鈴...鈴.....564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡugwADWo6dZ
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5MBbkzUhS
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuCvmDSKBdf
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtpeNFPoAy8
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqEqYM4stm
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6SuLeVScn6
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLWMdB4Abxm
「血..血時教授...」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhJYQZA5Gdz
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxr1HxSHEbr
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTuMWGfRwM5
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡISB2GohZZY
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC7hefUPfeh
「......」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQHOqYAWXDF
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8jPKf83S7
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTX8UQsRSeG
564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRQTvuKgeSz
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」564Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrqAC6Lp6lS
8964 copyright protection560ＰＥＮＡＮＡMObnk13W5H 維尼

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