在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cT4IfjCvF
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnlxJpm4fJX
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHAsHfgJ6Rq
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1lfH4qsCGJ
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5YeZBkbJaw
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMYUF57xSZ
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfsQyvp26ep
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9AAAyyVxKw
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6965N2GEMw
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZaRiIv34Q7
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw0AMFjmtif
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7IKVMuDZc3
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAdrjbzjQ2R
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡANoj4GUxLV
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xLrEdn2m7
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0uS7reMJi2
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlF1WP3ol1o
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwlkoYhcJa
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡml438QGsOZ
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsfsn1uRg0t
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7i99jMkfJt
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjkVRyNdv6
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡesvjFmoour
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2tiW3aXyHX
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY91roAmkOr
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeucKOYhXMd
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxlfSOqRi49
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU4YWzjZpnH
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3u14jUAue
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTMko4FKvT
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLI6nNr3nck
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUfSxxq7Xd5
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGVahYtwXA3
____________________________________655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs2jmNoy7Zv
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CGhIgoQiI
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6UxUcylvtx
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1V0Uuqq4mM
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq7M7XEO0rR
「我是B+....」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnuRKemfuEp
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxdPC0M7PFo
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVA1dEYmDop
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPPYngGhWm
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXtBURpi85M
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFj60IUzTdt
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡueI9xWPfGM
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhb7IyJzhk
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8FeM54Xbxq
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuVGxbmuxAX
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUjaXw7Uhgj
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZcOUqEsFQB
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN3ycsb3hbv
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7vpbu4ZlNL
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3IGV1VyjI
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1o3u1Kzu1
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLqK2emGMZM
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6afWQbD08n
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHImSC3TIVw
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhYPwq2auGl
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT6I2DyBdUR
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtq4pDm7tv
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0lXkyrfJHf
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ29jWd2i9J2
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFaCH7XkSq
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEbpo8vWV0n
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnnVRh50FP
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4V72gyUS2Z
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡauxmtqCsdU
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI00BVlVINf
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡURspGhqU8M
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWNFTXm1hFq
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO14svCor5W
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡldBpR3JHOi
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNQHvy9h1u0
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KuUBYEGsZ
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtr1TSV6tG
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8Heae4HRM
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJeHjlU9hP
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm1aCKASwIy
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUTtRjJKLv
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Ny0iFnZ9n
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdOuOHiPY4j
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd092JMRHg7
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYNuq3WYJeZ
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPuIcFKRByq
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLoPGD8EYh
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmXhcd1zAd
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiXK5WnDl5d
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsAud7nTkZ3
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2FLaNXW8q
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUDLUEW3z0D
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2VpW93gq4
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6YyPsmga7Q
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeNPaS8jpMd
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn5bMBMHUeO
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIjHHeMrjMq
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAaYkUSTqWr
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIBBdXHAswm
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvnaPQRnTAU
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655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeFLMhb7T06
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡArPvm1wd3A
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqbLMlj1uk6
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnEsQTYVmuI
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdJOKBYuXHn
______________________________________655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyD5U88TNjT
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ81AdTBEaCX
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5EasbKlMs6
鈴...鈴...鈴.....655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeHPDVc8sE5
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡau6DAaViPU
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ks8GV3Gor
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqVHGMxKZv3
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR1WeV206og
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgTR2562RsB
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMx8Bsi48tT
「血..血時教授...」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcu06gnxjFy
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCOqmmo7Vp
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6aP6xG2cDZ
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCErGC9jODT
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmy7om1bTdV
「......」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjLkK50eeLr
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo30gzlchUO
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGsaiescDpY
655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt1VPoNT2pW
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」655Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd01uQoG6Up
8964 copyright protection651ＰＥＮＡＮＡOoiOYhVmTY 維尼

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