在胎盤膜的阻隔下,胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起,但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔,互相在母子母女之間作出交換。387Please respect copyright.PENANAeupfuQ9D4E
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在母親懷孕的時期,其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭,為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;387Please respect copyright.PENANAymV6OIJ3KL
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係,母親的協助是非常重要的。387Please respect copyright.PENANAluUrHpGQ9n
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這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好,但無奈魔鬼在細節,當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ387Please respect copyright.PENANA40yEblapnf
387Please respect copyright.PENANA0BAP2kbQoo
抗體的母嬰利益輸送,無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機,引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。387Please respect copyright.PENANAGjGPGYelts
387Please respect copyright.PENANAK31XWSpMH6
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度,若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話,胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住,當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀,情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。387Please respect copyright.PENANAr4OzD6R5qC
387Please respect copyright.PENANAHL6ix2eFLZ
但是,若果紅血球被過量分解的話,身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話,膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解,由母親為孩兒作出分擔。387Please respect copyright.PENANAb4Vwh1Ds5s
387Please respect copyright.PENANASlELM9kB06
若胎兒脫離母體,尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話,情況就真的是不堪設想;387Please respect copyright.PENANAbGUQum7g3V
387Please respect copyright.PENANAaAcX0KouBR
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素,膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加,最終更會進入腦部,做成永久性的神經損毀。387Please respect copyright.PENANA04sVyFyt4m
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在新生兒溶血症方面,Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。387Please respect copyright.PENANAjPCZTWny2o
387Please respect copyright.PENANAyRlzXZ3Z6H
主要的原因分別有兩個,第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少,故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。387Please respect copyright.PENANAhOyApZI74N
387Please respect copyright.PENANAMZZju4Efat
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球,在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen,因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;387Please respect copyright.PENANAzuajrTYJuF
387Please respect copyright.PENANADD4KbvdYkP
相反,Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到,其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen,母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。387Please respect copyright.PENANAuEqPZIcx9S
387Please respect copyright.PENANAGVCwrlULFN
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正因如此,在絕大多數的情況下,新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。387Please respect copyright.PENANAevgr4iyWnN
387Please respect copyright.PENANASp85ABiFJb
(亞洲人的族裔,約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)387Please respect copyright.PENANAcjecaBoGj1
____________________________________387Please respect copyright.PENANAu7JrNHV5Ta
387Please respect copyright.PENANAnIpzZq3qlf
「克BB,我血型是A-哦,你呢?」387Please respect copyright.PENANAObGVlLpDAY
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後,坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。387Please respect copyright.PENANADwZd7YBc8s
387Please respect copyright.PENANAmCahBiJjLD
「我是B+....」387Please respect copyright.PENANAPUSZba7p5q
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡,神態自若的說著。387Please respect copyright.PENANAiwTgm6vgkC
387Please respect copyright.PENANAMOCJQMEnno
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?387Please respect copyright.PENANAg2f8N7h9yd
我很喜歡小孩子的哦,那怎樣辦呀,BB?」387Please respect copyright.PENANAwjcxTwnFwy
387Please respect copyright.PENANAuMlyfq0Fk2
387Please respect copyright.PENANADu0vOcMiQy
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生正(有D antigen),嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。387Please respect copyright.PENANAesvoZD14ii
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen,嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物,被母體的免疫系統攻勢,引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。387Please respect copyright.PENANARuESuR2QCh
387Please respect copyright.PENANAIgdd3YzVmF
387Please respect copyright.PENANAbwqkeYiHz3
「喂,靚女,我姓馬,血型B-,名副其實是你的駙馬呢!387Please respect copyright.PENANArSwPaGNnBy
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影,互相了解一下對方?」387Please respect copyright.PENANAIfELY1uOUr
那名女生身後的一名男生,洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。387Please respect copyright.PENANAbwTDeeiJHP
387Please respect copyright.PENANAGsb9JmaHuR
387Please respect copyright.PENANAXpwueauuNY
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生負(沒有D antigen),嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen),新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。387Please respect copyright.PENANAZEoWAL0ijP
387Please respect copyright.PENANAgVzhCjJC0J
387Please respect copyright.PENANAW9PaM1GNQs
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的,你別痴心妄想啦!」387Please respect copyright.PENANAsi81r299iv
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後,隨即窩在那名男生的懷中,展示出自己的恩愛。387Please respect copyright.PENANAE3CPm2x3pf
387Please respect copyright.PENANAvKLDvVhmvA
387Please respect copyright.PENANAR7QkbS2AlQ
387Please respect copyright.PENANAeQkEH78bVD
「唉,你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?387Please respect copyright.PENANApRpbEC5uGz
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?387Please respect copyright.PENANAsZnB0dHzXD
387Please respect copyright.PENANAYtNMfUuGgh
我這隻絕世好馬,究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢,天呀!」387Please respect copyright.PENANAA5skNhiGJF
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型,一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。387Please respect copyright.PENANA5NR8PtaelW
387Please respect copyright.PENANAGrmQW7eHyF
387Please respect copyright.PENANAZ0Qvnx9MS7
387Please respect copyright.PENANAgbOMyjQPVk
「其實,第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!387Please respect copyright.PENANAY8SIKpIfw4
再加上現今科技如此先進,一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」387Please respect copyright.PENANApCJhFQFUip
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡,用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。387Please respect copyright.PENANAGFkIHCheh2
387Please respect copyright.PENANArdlQiJMVSl
387Please respect copyright.PENANAEe34P5dTMl
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話,血時均聽得一清二楚。387Please respect copyright.PENANAPsyNQ1kNxa
對於克同學的見解,血時可是非常的認同。387Please respect copyright.PENANAAYKDSMkfdK
387Please respect copyright.PENANAfFleJMhcVB
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」387Please respect copyright.PENANAX66zpaq33N
387Please respect copyright.PENANA5RGGZjlVlO
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體,胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。387Please respect copyright.PENANAHxHnGuzvev
387Please respect copyright.PENANAQzajKUAWsu
在Rh血型為負的母親來說,除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液,否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;387Please respect copyright.PENANA0yEZR1wasK
387Please respect copyright.PENANABQMPEu4iLm
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方,ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下,正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。387Please respect copyright.PENANAUkas2zFLyM
387Please respect copyright.PENANA8KOtAnq0fd
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雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統,但在母親產下第一胎的期間,過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。387Please respect copyright.PENANACdkIUOKRpF
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話,這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;387Please respect copyright.PENANAhEtwkt2nGU
387Please respect copyright.PENANA3gdrAjxXJm
只不過,若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話,母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球,這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低,有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。387Please respect copyright.PENANAzX6zTQe6Fv
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無論如何,這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體,將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。387Please respect copyright.PENANAjXPxGQGTxT
387Please respect copyright.PENANA4ydOQZKJVZ
不過不用害怕,現今醫療科技發達,醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況,亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。387Please respect copyright.PENANAKq00XMQjUn
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體,避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen,必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血,更換死去的紅血球細胞。387Please respect copyright.PENANAvSLjMf6xLW
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因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況,在現今的社會上是不會發生的。387Please respect copyright.PENANAk8MKrYStP3
387Please respect copyright.PENANAuUHNciO1GK
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______________________________________387Please respect copyright.PENANAC5WAbM8Lq5
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387Please respect copyright.PENANAe2Bddipdie
鈴...鈴...鈴.....387Please respect copyright.PENANAt70syt3JcA
387Please respect copyright.PENANAhdOGTEjgYq
講解的時間過得特別快,說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。387Please respect copyright.PENANAULvH2rzCK8
387Please respect copyright.PENANArq8oMkMkgr
血時迅速的收拾個人物品,啪啪聲的關上電腦,比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。387Please respect copyright.PENANAWYUIeOok8r
387Please respect copyright.PENANAEcuDUg50yE
387Please respect copyright.PENANAlilQOl0tAc
「血..血時教授...」387Please respect copyright.PENANAUP2bMHEEny
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的,奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速,她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。387Please respect copyright.PENANAkIvVjPF7bL
387Please respect copyright.PENANAljS4Dr0Usj
387Please respect copyright.PENANA0ADgtcnKfM
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「......」387Please respect copyright.PENANA7SvA74raGZ
她打開演講廳的門口,四周張望,只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。387Please respect copyright.PENANAGFyJiHj9SJ
387Please respect copyright.PENANAEE2k2NyNAw
387Please respect copyright.PENANABLduR9We0C
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」387Please respect copyright.PENANA7rfJvn9HKg
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素食法醫
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素食法醫
Author:
薯仔聞茱莉
ISSUE #32
血時篇(四)
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