The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.783Please respect copyright.PENANAUvm9L08XAX
Ars Goetia783Please respect copyright.PENANAhwY2uEtSAE
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.783Please respect copyright.PENANA0s0vTmSM6r
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael783Please respect copyright.PENANAHbv2V7blX0
2) Duke Agares783Please respect copyright.PENANA6OZqcxRX69
3) Prince Vassago783Please respect copyright.PENANADhObFt7F2i
4) Marquis Samigina783Please respect copyright.PENANA90CDqYYB3W
5) President Marbas783Please respect copyright.PENANAwAiDruaXcA
6) Duke Valefor783Please respect copyright.PENANAI3kVqzqSwL
7) Marquis Amon783Please respect copyright.PENANAOU36GGpD5R
8) Duke Barbatos783Please respect copyright.PENANA2yCjKiNhXp
9) King Paimon783Please respect copyright.PENANAFSC0rkxXb6
10) President Buer783Please respect copyright.PENANADAk6sTDORO
11) Duke Gusion783Please respect copyright.PENANARyZfJhKcq9
12) Prince Sitri783Please respect copyright.PENANApKAvgrw2Es
13) King Beleth783Please respect copyright.PENANAqVvnQgcaRD
14) Marquis Leraje783Please respect copyright.PENANAGyWKPTWj2w
15) Duke Eligos783Please respect copyright.PENANABgT5wdQXkP
16) Duke Zepar783Please respect copyright.PENANAUXMQiLJLqI
17) Count/President Botis783Please respect copyright.PENANA3DhccgLxVc
18) Duke Bathin783Please respect copyright.PENANAcrt3BwzpRx
19) Duke Sallos783Please respect copyright.PENANA43oGAinNjs
20) King Purson783Please respect copyright.PENANApRkqJpeuhv
21) Count/President Marax783Please respect copyright.PENANAg9A1w0tWw1
22) Count/Prince Ipos783Please respect copyright.PENANAZLidBvxQEC
23) Duke Aim783Please respect copyright.PENANABxgkuKQEgJ
24) Marquis Naberius783Please respect copyright.PENANAODv98bBdy6
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas783Please respect copyright.PENANApthPaMJ8w5
26) Duke Buné783Please respect copyright.PENANAGeFpqm4uke
27) Marquis/Count Ronové783Please respect copyright.PENANAM3EmHPyPPX
28) Duke Berith783Please respect copyright.PENANAujyYhMlJx3
29) Duke Astaroth783Please respect copyright.PENANAXlefMMNeiW
30) Marquis Forneus783Please respect copyright.PENANAKD0YDuNfuP
31) President Foras783Please respect copyright.PENANAy529JAAOK5
32) King Asmoday783Please respect copyright.PENANAEIQw0yLaxB
33) Prince/President Gäap783Please respect copyright.PENANAfTP9m31Ng4
34) Count Furfur783Please respect copyright.PENANAfwn0lWSWqG
35) Marquis Marchosias783Please respect copyright.PENANAuAXS2IPwbl
36) Prince Stolas783Please respect copyright.PENANAUJ5zbVWy1C
37) Marquis Phenex783Please respect copyright.PENANAWuy2t14HfA
38) Count Halphas783Please respect copyright.PENANAOFSBYRgVz7
39) President Malphas783Please respect copyright.PENANALdegKvyZSb
40) Count Räum783Please respect copyright.PENANAUL774ZVaDt
41) Duke Focalor783Please respect copyright.PENANAPg7Pbl6Wtf
42) Duke Vepar783Please respect copyright.PENANAReqxdo1d41
43) Marquis Sabnock783Please respect copyright.PENANA4SIXh22KUP
44) Marquis Shax783Please respect copyright.PENANAq6tTWUDtAh
45) King/Count Viné783Please respect copyright.PENANAgVR197jHoi
46) Count Bifrons783Please respect copyright.PENANAm6Z6fJw5HZ
47) Duke Vual783Please respect copyright.PENANAIqRKGUlSNI
48) President Haagenti783Please respect copyright.PENANAdkOtt3m7MW
49) Duke Crocell783Please respect copyright.PENANAkEA8nvQ7kS
50) Knight Furcas783Please respect copyright.PENANAzxBit5OOYw
51) King Balam783Please respect copyright.PENANA4oLjnWbYad
52) Duke Alloces783Please respect copyright.PENANAY4mNzoeMol
53) President Caim783Please respect copyright.PENANAF7hnLR0eUt
54) Duke/Count Murmur783Please respect copyright.PENANAixgd7rwHvs
55) Prince Orobas783Please respect copyright.PENANAE9kzF3x5v9
56) Duke Gremory783Please respect copyright.PENANAMfTDORV1nn
57) President Ose783Please respect copyright.PENANAYEQlg9X3ae
58) President Amy783Please respect copyright.PENANA2vaatlXoKd
59) Marquis Orias783Please respect copyright.PENANAZAG5w1BzaI
60) Duke Vapula783Please respect copyright.PENANA5UzfLOUwvK
61) King/President Zagan783Please respect copyright.PENANAc8P7MIr0vW
62) President Valac783Please respect copyright.PENANAIxrfyy9oLj
63) Marquis Andras783Please respect copyright.PENANAJyZhN2sCvL
64) Duke Flauros783Please respect copyright.PENANADqYtAHpqhz
65) Marquis Andrealphus783Please respect copyright.PENANAiWmobJqiiD
66) Marquis Kimaris783Please respect copyright.PENANAcOrhpJOdQd
67) Duke Amdusias783Please respect copyright.PENANAfe0vsdh9XK
68) King Belial783Please respect copyright.PENANA6jn3a9SaUV
69) Marquis Decarabia783Please respect copyright.PENANAsfvMJ2mcdE
70) Prince Seere783Please respect copyright.PENANA7yc21XzkMe
71) Duke Dantalion783Please respect copyright.PENANAXK04Cbgm4e
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."783Please respect copyright.PENANA1UNas9EGKB
Ars Theurgia Goetia783Please respect copyright.PENANA4p57gDqU4K
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.783Please respect copyright.PENANABHEWF8TwUV
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Ars Paulina783Please respect copyright.PENANAJl845zlFWE
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.783Please respect copyright.PENANAy1ni433FWm
Ars Almadel783Please respect copyright.PENANATXuDKJsEpW
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.783Please respect copyright.PENANA47MI7jGkyh
Ars Notoria783Please respect copyright.PENANAx18LbPN1UL
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.783Please respect copyright.PENANALMp2xn2Nbb
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)783Please respect copyright.PENANAU6WKnk8xEr
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)783Please respect copyright.PENANAt6Y45So94e
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)783Please respect copyright.PENANAQRpbNaymtF
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)783Please respect copyright.PENANAPpbhpK8ORd
5 Invidia (Envy)783Please respect copyright.PENANAwGMz5q6EG2
6 Ira (wrath)783Please respect copyright.PENANAAKdHBtS3JA
7 Acedia (sloth)783Please respect copyright.PENANAjQeYBXt2eb
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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