Disease through illness - Non-Fiction information about the Lesser Key of Solomon

The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO1VjLkwW9k

Ars Goetia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzN9GXPyp8h
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.

Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).

In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.

This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ihb39TvUT

The Seventy-Two Demons

The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.

1) King Bael1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgSIqRT9aQR
2) Duke Agares1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjuBMJftonC
3) Prince Vassago1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp4cpvCtB1e
4) Marquis Samigina1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9DYz2Cd1F
5) President Marbas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgS5jY4LSqf
6) Duke Valefor1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkUsgs9pUk4
7) Marquis Amon1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXqa1mQIuLa
8) Duke Barbatos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCiANsH7uop
9) King Paimon1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGYsdvqBEr
10) President Buer1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxf7QHwoQXR
11) Duke Gusion1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv1CA9hAyxy
12) Prince Sitri1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlotDm88hjV
13) King Beleth1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTgkZig1kv
14) Marquis Leraje1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUf48vCbzv
15) Duke Eligos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeOrWB3RCAO
16) Duke Zepar1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYw3kQCcIgM
17) Count/President Botis1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjfoUAueSS
18) Duke Bathin1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMXKQG7Be5X
19) Duke Sallos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWowdHS30E0
20) King Purson1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfdQZljb38Q
21) Count/President Marax1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6UmsgbYagg
22) Count/Prince Ipos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Oa1o2XNqm
23) Duke Aim1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6qw59Quiv
24) Marquis Naberius1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA9XKgh3FZ8
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnpxuO4DBfo
26) Duke Buné1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCPItQVo9T
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4v11xRQH6
28) Duke Berith1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk3CqnRXqke
29) Duke Astaroth1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDonRMp8wXp
30) Marquis Forneus1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMBJeNOUYH
31) President Foras1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkLgfAQPxZe
32) King Asmoday1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO8IPvD5jMW
33) Prince/President Gäap1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtG2JV1y7tC
34) Count Furfur1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuY4iegdPXv
35) Marquis Marchosias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiugq6Mu8aq
36) Prince Stolas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzF90LywpOh
37) Marquis Phenex1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjgvztwSj7u
38) Count Halphas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3hNIBushl
39) President Malphas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlek3RX9U7n
40) Count Räum1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAR4gXtI5hE
41) Duke Focalor1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bjUBWZppo
42) Duke Vepar1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9c9oJkn2p5
43) Marquis Sabnock1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRgV4JYIKPb
44) Marquis Shax1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWyJxzY4WkW
45) King/Count Viné1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXATzCpJQ0
46) Count Bifrons1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1NxM0mzXb
47) Duke Vual1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVJ35W7hwq
48) President Haagenti1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTSmnt6jDq7
49) Duke Crocell1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0icf66IxrZ
50) Knight Furcas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI18FdL2kwD
51) King Balam1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ifcnBiPyM
52) Duke Alloces1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hnemFnF1j
53) President Caim1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGa0VKfX9Vd
54) Duke/Count Murmur1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZOpQ0xRKE
55) Prince Orobas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBRnuDh3KKA
56) Duke Gremory1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMdy13nayq7
57) President Ose1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2XYLu62ub
58) President Amy1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyqUUNkDiGU
59) Marquis Orias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcSnubTmtr
60) Duke Vapula1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTZggABz4Mr
61) King/President Zagan1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMzY6L5XSVS
62) President Valac1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWHm3uFHera
63) Marquis Andras1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4urBtYU9z
64) Duke Flauros1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZXw1B9CstX
65) Marquis Andrealphus1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwki5rwis4q
66) Marquis Kimaris1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMa4b4o5OGQ
67) Duke Amdusias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfW1chVtOW7
68) King Belial1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXRSalAwIIv
69) Marquis Decarabia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3w6KcKRDvZ
70) Prince Seere1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXbb5plILQH
71) Duke Dantalion1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFZotIW8j1z
72) Count Andromalius

The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNhi86EAYMZ

Ars Theurgia Goetia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGRhJny2QGV

The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG3P8rq1x2n

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Ars Paulina1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvhSKok0BJJ

Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2NAiUnO9L

Ars Almadel1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpW3EcpygW

Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSMGAuoHswQ

Ars Notoria1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC5T4nhZF32
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1kQSzFj1EK
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.

1 Gula (gluttony)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgXbJdjnb1g
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHC57VFGXam
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Hc26DRY8F
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR2Ecq1MYmV
5 Invidia (Envy)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSURCQ7KnX1
6 Ira (wrath)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRbQtClw5Fs
7 Acedia (sloth)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXBOSHDKvHQ

If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.

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