Disease through illness - Non-Fiction information about the Lesser Key of Solomon

The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gpoQCjRgG

Ars Goetia1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SE3emBz0o
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.

Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).

In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.

This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ZiMcMx1Qj

The Seventy-Two Demons

The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.

1) King Bael1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKn6CsYSVCN
2) Duke Agares1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwbxBT82ZSJ
3) Prince Vassago1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQSxDpOFQH2
4) Marquis Samigina1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTL2ntgayF
5) President Marbas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkodDhVMhKw
6) Duke Valefor1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4lWt142b6q
7) Marquis Amon1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI9rLsIlZHB
8) Duke Barbatos1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWF3NEcuI6
9) King Paimon1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgR5baM4675
10) President Buer1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHsMWk4gRFD
11) Duke Gusion1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgjvR8BvaAt
12) Prince Sitri1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHUmIX4mu4T
13) King Beleth1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmfplHf5dYb
14) Marquis Leraje1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbIb8Fetm8
15) Duke Eligos1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszmR3R54uY
16) Duke Zepar1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgeGE3l9XT4
17) Count/President Botis1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiYFXP9Tcwi
18) Duke Bathin1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlbTMF8ihKl
19) Duke Sallos1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjkeql571I
20) King Purson1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlk8TT89KAS
21) Count/President Marax1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmVCrFCmN7
22) Count/Prince Ipos1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtOX1RwlhL
23) Duke Aim1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwXXUOz3vql
24) Marquis Naberius1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvU1YD2BFBQ
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuXgB8i2ZxR
26) Duke Buné1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkATtWYcQ0h
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLcbukkjkBl
28) Duke Berith1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSqp9o2hAL
29) Duke Astaroth1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ51PRFyuAJB
30) Marquis Forneus1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxugCiuSop0
31) President Foras1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8u5BTV2p7h
32) King Asmoday1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUB6zKcOM3S
33) Prince/President Gäap1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfdfIfwFXD2
34) Count Furfur1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQpwws3SEYp
35) Marquis Marchosias1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEayWy9WjDo
36) Prince Stolas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKrJUPurjKv
37) Marquis Phenex1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrd2mIq6UFy
38) Count Halphas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyijEG7l28B
39) President Malphas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7TmBcrXlSB
40) Count Räum1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2xFUQyRcZB
41) Duke Focalor1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDpHuxEXJMZ
42) Duke Vepar1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKT3xFptDEz
43) Marquis Sabnock1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8NaJSBAZI
44) Marquis Shax1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuUx3nKfKr2
45) King/Count Viné1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX1aT353QPI
46) Count Bifrons1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeRHnp0PujA
47) Duke Vual1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYeBTHqxL3c
48) President Haagenti1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZoA5KWvRW4
49) Duke Crocell1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zoHkPT1Zg
50) Knight Furcas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBuoAA3GegG
51) King Balam1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1dsmJlKDI
52) Duke Alloces1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHPe1IWAH2
53) President Caim1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHm7CiDqAOd
54) Duke/Count Murmur1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw0vo4AmQAQ
55) Prince Orobas1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYSzyT4HAcb
56) Duke Gremory1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkM9YORaUH
57) President Ose1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAWDDqihhHt
58) President Amy1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63mBo7iewb
59) Marquis Orias1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwtKuSHFMA9
60) Duke Vapula1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRnKfbFOV02
61) King/President Zagan1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0CXtrxaZxJ
62) President Valac1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr62I7c3KwO
63) Marquis Andras1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOwQCwBfRho
64) Duke Flauros1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8tiDTs02x9
65) Marquis Andrealphus1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk7KCuBXxxh
66) Marquis Kimaris1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXxhP0MzviA
67) Duke Amdusias1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtorhQTZfc
68) King Belial1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9odoJR7Qn
69) Marquis Decarabia1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSM42FPFR2
70) Prince Seere1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8DZuQBZrZt
71) Duke Dantalion1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrrwjDPTeP1
72) Count Andromalius

The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPrn3yLDCz

Ars Theurgia Goetia1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlJie1kpe1v

The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdiJfasp62Z

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Ars Paulina1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRoixGBRMz0

Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvJl2tBKKKu

Ars Almadel1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7OjJdYfX21

Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMTOQnKKIjd

Ars Notoria1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXSgKPLoX6y
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtyETmINJl
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.

1 Gula (gluttony)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoq3mMq47Wk
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFn4inHd14v
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqVfYkapDkC
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUiq8LuZh32
5 Invidia (Envy)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRi8aVA1N8C
6 Ira (wrath)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvChg7VzOK
7 Acedia (sloth)1037Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWT9gKgHh8g

If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.

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