The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32qftek1aB
Ars Goetia1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXYQuCauLxe
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqkPm1mGJlw
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgYQonPA9hi
2) Duke Agares1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkL0gXrkHT3
3) Prince Vassago1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnSKi2MGVC2
4) Marquis Samigina1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHhvabWY2U
5) President Marbas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNHmi99oFCs
6) Duke Valefor1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdwrmx28fl4
7) Marquis Amon1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4UTeEdGUM
8) Duke Barbatos1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbUR0eHH2ne
9) King Paimon1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqxExYUkeut
10) President Buer1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2nt8MqUVo
11) Duke Gusion1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLDfQoyvF1X
12) Prince Sitri1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshpXJkoxnd
13) King Beleth1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbY5rB7lo9x
14) Marquis Leraje1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJwjqnaElW
15) Duke Eligos1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhAhRhfeLO
16) Duke Zepar1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLXmROVL01j
17) Count/President Botis1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ30IEe4NXwc
18) Duke Bathin1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGt9GaqE07G
19) Duke Sallos1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb54E2f3Bxf
20) King Purson1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUd1IAZAsA
21) Count/President Marax1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwipVVWGoLB
22) Count/Prince Ipos1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzmd6jtBYHU
23) Duke Aim1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtslUqQBpN
24) Marquis Naberius1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlIks21CPU3
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwWXIwvYH5p
26) Duke Buné1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRjaE0zvSsc
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZJerWg6JQX
28) Duke Berith1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOFUjoTQUD0
29) Duke Astaroth1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡley4n9Qqy9
30) Marquis Forneus1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWSdi2Pzqa
31) President Foras1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcjxBKHaczR
32) King Asmoday1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXpJ41CCVO
33) Prince/President Gäap1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNB7dfRwfOJ
34) Count Furfur1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxNMUxQU9n
35) Marquis Marchosias1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3SaCrSzpAU
36) Prince Stolas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAzVcdf8RP
37) Marquis Phenex1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1pLlDCecQg
38) Count Halphas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgljoNzoYka
39) President Malphas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtb006A1LLC
40) Count Räum1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunoSgMx9Ch
41) Duke Focalor1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZSGxCGQFx
42) Duke Vepar1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZmmCLNFkW
43) Marquis Sabnock1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZFDebTCvaj
44) Marquis Shax1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqDFebnMZtH
45) King/Count Viné1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PnE8fjQIq
46) Count Bifrons1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ2rbGNXoeh
47) Duke Vual1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMsK5ykgH6P
48) President Haagenti1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbOwWA13s43
49) Duke Crocell1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHisKeGXef6
50) Knight Furcas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYp1kBkP3o7
51) King Balam1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNXAopcyNst
52) Duke Alloces1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0fAJ8Gg48c
53) President Caim1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0TlE002JA
54) Duke/Count Murmur1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd6fGs4ykkz
55) Prince Orobas1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡccVxZHya9E
56) Duke Gremory1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOmYrP9y7g
57) President Ose1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ49LOtiXyvm
58) President Amy1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRbm7oiyHWG
59) Marquis Orias1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGF4a8G28tA
60) Duke Vapula1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXdNtBmMF2p
61) King/President Zagan1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kjnVFHvsu
62) President Valac1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrZTCMKxr1U
63) Marquis Andras1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0tt0XrkMGU
64) Duke Flauros1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWbqmDH362o
65) Marquis Andrealphus1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUgS5wVVBh4
66) Marquis Kimaris1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi0MO5Zsr9I
67) Duke Amdusias1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGkfs8PH4E9
68) King Belial1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU247MHGHKB
69) Marquis Decarabia1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRyBw8j0sF
70) Prince Seere1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Rc62kVhdg
71) Duke Dantalion1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9XNM5acX3g
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQGAuUlvCH4
Ars Theurgia Goetia1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVQiXTu2Q3y
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMkyv6pBiC
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Ars Paulina1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8P6bJ42xUl
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPyMxDCHqY1
Ars Almadel1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGODXXG8R1o
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Lk4pAYkvY
Ars Notoria1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh5YboELevL
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSl5rAKinrU
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7wnAKEP614
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzOv7iG2tE
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ43YHtuT08D
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB4WyuE0uMK
5 Invidia (Envy)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU7aPQeWJXH
6 Ira (wrath)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2sbjNVBZ1M
7 Acedia (sloth)1446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEnjC0mvj96
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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