The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYCDYZ0Z23o
Ars Goetia1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWeyae7ltJj
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8NPO61EFkV
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡElfMPxRohk
2) Duke Agares1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡytgmEqSdQe
3) Prince Vassago1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwbun1gVLIV
4) Marquis Samigina1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLNUqCspP6
5) President Marbas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7BorpDDyj
6) Duke Valefor1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQQV97213GM
7) Marquis Amon1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsPOKyMRuF
8) Duke Barbatos1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3m8B7Evzq6
9) King Paimon1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw6CSo8W6JO
10) President Buer1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡevHje4jW1Y
11) Duke Gusion1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LpGsxJYEU
12) Prince Sitri1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0U3tSjL5H8
13) King Beleth1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIgsS180sGo
14) Marquis Leraje1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFTkB5QGijk
15) Duke Eligos1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbEh42wiQSG
16) Duke Zepar1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3EJd8cbnuE
17) Count/President Botis1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBb6LHLimMC
18) Duke Bathin1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXNT3nGLfpp
19) Duke Sallos1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFhpL1mgz3d
20) King Purson1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡba9wkPJ8Ke
21) Count/President Marax1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡutSnJ8EH7d
22) Count/Prince Ipos1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvkyUwGfqsa
23) Duke Aim1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGFs4aJU9U7
24) Marquis Naberius1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7XI4zmLAY7
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXbdVBalqQ
26) Duke Buné1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjycLN2mczU
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwlrMTZqsMM
28) Duke Berith1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUpaGyGQUZL
29) Duke Astaroth1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo5psdbKNcE
30) Marquis Forneus1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhqUsTiory
31) President Foras1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIKgdMvtjB7
32) King Asmoday1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfITqxjUhqu
33) Prince/President Gäap1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjaWKrZVAg
34) Count Furfur1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1MsM05Alr2
35) Marquis Marchosias1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjzcOaCtfK
36) Prince Stolas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNSlWBifF46
37) Marquis Phenex1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXioYlGNqp0
38) Count Halphas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qzktQCjWp
39) President Malphas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ78IXyUR5yo
40) Count Räum1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡet8rR08OEW
41) Duke Focalor1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJk8U0bkCPS
42) Duke Vepar1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zFyhKWViH
43) Marquis Sabnock1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6O3UgGbVhM
44) Marquis Shax1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyqUOs2hg7P
45) King/Count Viné1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32Pc9Ge0MJ
46) Count Bifrons1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSGiqdS0Ul9
47) Duke Vual1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUfFjh81USu
48) President Haagenti1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKblp2RGBMX
49) Duke Crocell1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRiHP5vuZC
50) Knight Furcas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkNlIpet5AI
51) King Balam1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rzVbKHahB
52) Duke Alloces1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhlcgT7uXBu
53) President Caim1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVz4RArWYKl
54) Duke/Count Murmur1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy0rl49yFLF
55) Prince Orobas1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHccXkh3nZw
56) Duke Gremory1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PBuUCs7sE
57) President Ose1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBTYesrlVgT
58) President Amy1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXSqwewHc9P
59) Marquis Orias1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQXLFO2zGo
60) Duke Vapula1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjM74olpd2
61) King/President Zagan1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBhAfF86Bka
62) President Valac1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1nkuku492j
63) Marquis Andras1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgAzdNnaNod
64) Duke Flauros1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcnGSBY3iMs
65) Marquis Andrealphus1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgqz8Ckp9xq
66) Marquis Kimaris1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡseOeWg00ED
67) Duke Amdusias1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡukSJGWtx1t
68) King Belial1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3zySPzwOp
69) Marquis Decarabia1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe4Fuw1nTTO
70) Prince Seere1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSIio8ia9k
71) Duke Dantalion1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPerjTUenqt
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ19y5Rh5c5F
Ars Theurgia Goetia1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk997qTCrEf
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0bJAhOGeVb
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Ars Paulina1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7TGmAUeCq4
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcu1wkpT7ZP
Ars Almadel1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZGotIozgqv
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgrbFgpkW9d
Ars Notoria1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzHTXlvSfnH
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3WD79vM2e1
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTa7bNQKi0
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKyhoAJXlH
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkswo3AjexI
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMedO52m45K
5 Invidia (Envy)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ71U8OngktO
6 Ira (wrath)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPk6RNBUypY
7 Acedia (sloth)1390Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM9is9eJinw
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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