技工印象中,小學教質數之前,會先教因數(factor)。而列出所有因數的主要方法是列出因數對(factor pair)。38Please respect copyright.PENANAb1I1ki5O8J
以42為例。我們首先測試1能否整除42……當然可以,duh!
42 = 1 × 42 ✔️
由於乘法具有交換性質(commutative property),乘號右方的42也是42的因數。
然後,我們測試2、3、4,如此類推。
42 = 1 × 42 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAeuLE02cryl
= 2 × 21 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAw0Mc27Pbk3
= 3 × 14 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAVa7Usf5p8q
= 4 × 10 + 2 ❌
過程中,我們會發現有些數不能整除42,例如 42 ÷ 4 會得餘數2,所以4和不是42因數。同理,10也不是其因數。
我們繼續。
42 = 1 × 42 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAD8k3LpJCjx
= 2 × 21 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAeETFKgasvq
= 3 × 14 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAe8TqTVJMMZ
= 4 × 10 + 2 ❌38Please respect copyright.PENANAdMzfMdo8lC
= 5 × 8 + 2 ❌38Please respect copyright.PENANANwx7v5lQrj
= 6 × 7 ✔️38Please respect copyright.PENANAFrUqrf1Mfu
= 7 × 6 🛑
當乘號左方不再小於右方就可以停了。如果再測試下去的話只會重複找到乘號右方的因數。
由此,我們找到42有四個因數對,共八個因數:
42 = 1 × 4238Please respect copyright.PENANAbm8P59EUhx
= 2 × 2138Please respect copyright.PENANAZ8IzdnlBMr
= 3 × 1438Please respect copyright.PENANAdHiW9nlbWe
= 6 × 7
當某數只有一個因數對,我們就可以斷定這是個質數。
17 = 1 × 1738Please respect copyright.PENANAiTU8OIinmR


