喺講啲黑鬼點畀利奧波德二世斬手斬腳前52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJrU4sT1PiA
首先要講講佢地一路係過緊點嘅生活52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8s1PerSuvy
其實佢地唔係一般人想像中咁原始㗎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtzpzdyOpgU
喺剛果河下游至河口一帶52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZETFLoiTWU
因為河道較闊52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCGpa9cWoz2
葡萄牙人都入到去探索52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyfjQAbbKtE
當地嘅土人接觸得多西方文明52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTPareGnoSt
生活水平同知識相對於內陸係高啲嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0qs6tTVkeG
佢地會種啲粟米呀豆呀做主糧52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpVhdaUUnV
(係葡萄牙十六十七世紀時引入嘅)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8aWMsD7mt
基本上已經唔係原始嘅漁獵社會52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNqPwJKbcJ1
佢地亦都會同內陸嘅部落52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7YC3za56Fx
以物易物咁換啲象牙同橡膠出嚟賣畀葡萄牙人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy2M1gnVPFt
攞到錢就買啲西方產物52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87flTVFRiu
當年史丹利喺河口係簽唔到協議乜濟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYfocCHsodx
就係因為嗰度嘅人水平較高唔中計52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY1p2iYI7uh
所以剛果河下游自由邦係佔得好少地
(河嘅北岸已經係法屬剛果，南邊就係葡屬安哥拉)
至於中游嘅部落就相對原始好多喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKj9NeNl5IU
因為剛果河中段係由一系列嘅急流同瀑布組成52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKIyxvd2fvT
船係行唔到入去嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnkPWDHq7nP
交通非常唔方便52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEILKu7uQcD
各個部落亦都分得好散52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZp0eTjImNz
好多部落第一個見到嘅白人就係史丹利52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsLMVC6PkhF
所以先畀佢有機可乘52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhus3fPFq2
而呢啲部落主要都係捉吓魚呀，食吓猩猩呀咁維生52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsa0xGKNUU
一般人眼中嘅非洲原始人就係呢啲喇
位於剛果河中游嘅博約馬瀑布52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsVCqhxtJos
舊稱史丹利瀑布52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAhPRiEvHr9
故名思義就係阿史生首先發現㗎啦
上游近大湖區嘅部落多數都係畀阿拉伯人控制嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ60IeEgeqgO
不過啲阿拉伯人又唔係真係咁殘暴嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡle3pYsB6zz
因為佢地主要係捉啲人攞去賣吓52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqlqn3XET1
同要脅吓啲村民幫佢地搵象牙嘅啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPnxdKddGB
佢地要長做長有所以唔會搞到啲村民太慘52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAp7QY4f9DL
始終啲人身體唔好又點賣到好價錢呢?52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqI2idhMKvQ
大屠殺對佢地嘅生意冇好處52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFVkEbRlmuf
而啲村民多數都係捉魚為生52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMB8PAQuP2
(嗰系列嘅大湖係全非洲水產最豐富嘅地區)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRCiWs5Vvs
而南邊嘅熱帶草原地帶就係最富庶嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBHdPWtMCr
嗰度嘅部落有種嘢嘅又有放牧嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2vkrGQIXnI
但係最賺錢嘅係採礦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68hNlfgiJP
剛果南部加丹加地區喺正非洲中部嘅大礦帶52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWnDRrZk2q4
喺嗰度嘅部族領袖多數都係靠賣銅畀歐洲人致富52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeo0F3nva7A
生番土王帝Msiri就係其中最強大嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05ocur6k1N
剛果地形大概係由東部高地一路斜向西邊52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIDfsvB9x7a
北面係雨林南邊就草原52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIXZCqITIJ4
咁大個國家得西邊一個出海口仔52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEgYt3X34ic
(佢海岸線得卅七公里,香港嗰條都有七百幾公里啦)
如果利奧波德二世可以慢慢發展52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFZS8ZhKj5l
根據唔同地方嘅情況去計劃開發嘅方向嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HQcULLNKT
一塊資源咁豐富嘅地方係可以有好大嘅潛力52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefQ22Zhc8j
由農業採礦開始52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5GraJdQgEM
再慢慢發展工業52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDxbqUJrySM
有人力又有資源其實係最理想嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSnBF49tzy
不過佢冇時間咁做52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNo9wbZd8Ce
而家呢一刻嘅利奧波德二世52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq3z7fJ3Z9o
可以話係揹到成身街數52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2o19hBJuDL
佢唔不惜一切咁搵錢填氹嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMc2wUAthk
唔好話發展呀52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpcf0T7He3L
連佢自己都會搞到債主臨門一身蟻52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgPaXnh8cS1
咁點先可以最快速咁喺殖民地攞到錢呢?52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP2B46qjf5a
剛果唔似南美印加帝國咁有咁多金畀西班牙佬去搶52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYCxyijek98
要喺度攞錢最快嘅方法就係變賣資源52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlOVjGGSxXn
剛果最值錢嘅就係南部嘅礦產同雨林入面嘅象牙同橡膠52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4E6M3FOISu
喺自由邦成立前啲土人係隨意去攞嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVlfCHvxgT
再經自由貿易賣畀歐洲人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMP5UZDtt5q
利奧波德二世如果要變賣資源賺錢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQeFjhBGiC1
佢首先要壟斷呢啲資源嘅擁有權52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3qknfAv4NT
但係本身喺自由邦入面做緊生意嘅歐洲商人一定會屌鬼52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp1G6IaLJQP
佢要用啲冇咁顯眼嘅方法去做
喺1889年佢頒布咗一個政令52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNagCdszBJS
將剛果自由邦裡面冇人居住嘅土地劃為邦政府所有52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDp1tVsCnHO
因為成個剛果大部分都係冇人嘅雨林52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4AP2ZDVYI
咁即係差唔多八九成嘅土地都變咗係政府嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhJWIgRrDck
跟住喺1892年佢宣布所有喺政府土地收集到嘅嘢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsV0EsngRjE
都只可以賣畀政府或者指定嘅公司52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ37DHH0zPuy
各國企業家都可以競投十到十五年嘅專營權52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYviql5ouz
(當然到最後都係畀利奧波德二世有關嘅租界公司攞到啦)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgRA3aJuxrM
透過呢啲條例同方法52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8mSJTbrhE
利奧波德二世就可以係冇明顯違反柏林協議52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYbH6gDFZLV
有關各國自由貿易嘅條款下52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3IrmVbW4nt
壟斷全個剛果自由邦嘅資源52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hfpfsqyyd
咁邦政府同租界公司52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjqgADpD7Nk
就可以用佢地控制嘅價格52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmcX0Afz2A
去買入啲黑鬼收集到嘅資源喇
個價同係自由市場嘅分別好大52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYrvQ2wZkGZ
之前啲黑鬼賣橡膠畀葡萄牙人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGtjy62nHXk
一公斤可以賣到3-4法郎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJcqulNQzC5
而家租界公司最多只會出7毫子
另外佢又用啱啱打贏咗阿拉伯人所攞到嘅聲望52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUuczaC776B
說服各國畀佢向自由邦嘅人收稅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0KXMMS9Fuy
用嚟平衡返打仗嘅支出同起鐵路嘅支出52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ2QCUvDGpN
(喺1892年自由邦政府開始起一條鐵路52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy1xhch4vfm
繞過剛果河中游嘅瀑布區52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgyC5dLRGh
全長三百幾公里)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVEk2Ae5U8X
啲稅收係以橡膠或者象牙嚟繳付52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHzkGV9nHP6
好似人頭稅咁52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDHwFP46zmO
每個成年男人都有一個配額52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡScwtsJKMkt
由租界公司收取52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xY7a6UIeb
FP做稅吏追稅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX6flb9mSJE
...似曾相識52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbKUULzpnVT
一切都好似返返去中世紀封建時代咁52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeQTnCfZwPI
無助嘅農奴畀殘暴嘅稅吏追稅⋯⋯52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGerJdN9na
剛果人嘅悲劇而家可以開始喇
利奧波德二世實際上係將成個剛果自由邦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzctmhlzk1b
分成九座巨大嘅勞動集中營52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtWtcwugVy
而喺呢九個租界裡面52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtkUnMZn3r1
每一條村都有由租界公司設立嘅哨站52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP93NwljiRw
哨站嘅主管全部都係歐洲嚟嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIdZtzVU8m
以惡名昭彰嘅A.B.I.R.為例52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGiWFyJcVm7
(Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company，52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAUZVKxTxSa
利奧波德二世以代理人嘅方式52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH113vpD5vN
同英國一個陸軍上校合資喺1892年成立嘅)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgA0vS7Onhr
佢會以三年合約52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe9jhGHB2D0
每年千八到二千法郎咁請啲人過去做嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI33P9fI9Dj
呢個人工其實唔係咁高52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxhijqPvSuI
大概相等於同時期歐洲一個普通工人嘅年薪52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXdV8xODLD4
嗰度又山旮旯又多蛇蟲鼠蟻仲有食人族52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZhDTjFq52
正常嚟講應該係睬佢都有味52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBCy6KSRWnS
不過如果啲主管跑過咗target話就唔同咁講喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO9qj35CJ41
(通常個target係佢管轄區內52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwCCHPNEyG6
每個成年男丁每個月提供8到10公斤乾橡膠)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxE2Ey6ThMB
因為橡膠總值嘅2%52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVejCrASxqk
會作為佣金派發畀主管嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxixUhzjRb4
個佣可以去到萬七法朗一年52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1i1AI8625
加埋佢份底薪嘅話有成萬九法郎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqOa57urgJK
相等於而家63萬港紙左右52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgeYC0Uu7gf
呢個人工對當時嘅歐洲人嚟講係非常吸引52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlAxzQB9Be1
(去Working Holiday三年52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXHDxSZD3tH
之後返番鄉下就可以生活無憂䟴䟴腳，爽 )52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn4WvQTW0ch
但係如果唔到target嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡydADpe89jy
就要喺份糧到嘔番個差額出嚟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfvGVHWZkhg
所以喺呢個跑數制度之下52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfzka8LwAi
啲主管係會毫無人性咁捽數52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrcXjzjth1R
務求喺三年內賺夠走人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHljlZlMNL
而幫佢地去實行捽數計劃嘅就係FP52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrYXG39uPgg
最初FP係利奧波德二世喺比利時請過嚟嘅士官做管理52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHo8SxzlrP1
再加上由桑吉巴請番嚟嘅僱傭兵所組成嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKhwxIcdfD
後來FP喺剛果-阿拉伯戰爭爆發期間迅速膨脹52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhePEF3SuUg
因為唔夠人佢開始強行徵召戰區內嘅黑鬼入伍52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGl9dlfsjlV
到戰爭完結時52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR5Zj5TvXna
FP嘅主力差唔多全部都係剛果人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsXCcW5yuJe
但係點解啲黑鬼會咁樣殘害自己同胞嘅?
其實所謂嘅“剛果人”52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDRPTB0EdGT
喺自由邦成立前根本係唔存在嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ZJmj8XKJ7
剛果盆地本身有二百幾個部族52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcfNRUKosIM
喺歐洲人未嚟到之前52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDck5nB2IPH
佢地已經為咗爭奪資源而打生打死52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjULSIRAS6S
呢啲鬥爭係唔會因為柏林會議強加上去嘅國界而平息52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmxzdItggj
佢地從來都唔係一個統一嘅民族52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl3Yge38Ql6
所以都講唔上係自相殘殺52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwdR4s5YRB5
另外FP主要係徵召剛果東北部52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWPhSsKwyLS
以剽悍見稱嘅食人部落52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd4k4FYau4o
佢地不嬲都以侵略其他部落為生52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI9gENVczE8
而家邦政府出埋糧畀埋槍52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMBvMCYNac
佢地開心都嚟唔切啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6f2cteQaW
加上如果佢地負責嘅嗰條村唔到target嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBesuMwLbFD
佢地除咗會被扣一半糧之外52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJidf4s5KVs
仲要畀人虐打甚至收監52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDVIvlA9GeO
(監獄平均每日死三到十個人左右52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf5VToxNinn
所以入得去坐都唔使旨意有命出番嚟)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUUIzIbpSHO
正所謂人不為己天誅地滅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡitJ8omBC4j
畀著係你會點揀?
呢條叫Chicotte，葡文解做鞭52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHB84anVxcG
呢啲犀牛皮做嘅鞭通常係攞嚟教訓啲搵唔夠橡膠嘅人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX6ECRXHh69
一個成年男人大概可以受卅鞭左右啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFs0dgaYVRn
再多就升仙㗎喇
呢個男人望住嘅係佢個五歲嘅女嘅手同腳52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhURccIKJa
至於其他部分同阿媽呢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopkhkIxnjJ
就畀FP嘅僱傭兵食咗52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA7Rpg9vL4t
呢幅相揭露咗二十世紀初一場最大嘅人道醜聞
同啲阿拉伯奴隸主一樣52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmBxmE9560j
FP最常用嘅招數52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY22SyRghct
都係綁架啲男丁嘅老婆仔女屋企人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQQOw7P3HH
去逼佢地採集橡膠52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdYW4qAh5Dp
面對咁嘅壓迫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQbftkBbAwc
啲村民當然不滿啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYCpLgquxxn
尤其係喺自由邦西部近河口嘅部落52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSOCobYRpju
呢啲稅項同壟斷令到佢地做開嘅生意完全停止52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCeHIZzGPbh
佢地有啲選擇咗反抗52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPDenKAlNaG
不過因為實力差距太大52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzATmyA75oi
好多時呢啲叛亂都係滅族收場嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz82IPamh6A
所以大部分自由邦西部嘅部落52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs4lvCLtxVj
都選擇向南面嘅葡屬安哥拉同北面嘅法屬剛果遷徙52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsgbqBKAet
以致當英國係1903年派人嚟調查自由邦內嘅情況時52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeysGOv8iIY
個調查員形容剛果河口地區嘅情況係52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBgSZdydtu
「自由邦境內人影都冇，但河嘅兩岸就人煙稠密」52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsEzIaK3LpN
不過呢到冇乜橡膠資源52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQRN8AMGkHp
所以邦政府對啲人出走都唔係好緊張52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhiSn2qGhuU
至於內陸地區嘅部落就冇咁好彩走到喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNetMIJEovP
邦政府同租界公司對每條村都有嚴密嘅監控52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7lwKDoQaWY
主要對外通道全部都有人把守52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5SXNLryuN1
想逃避唯一辦法就係匿埋喺叢林度52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlG4FHMxtjq
然後等死(其實都有唔少人咁做...)52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBAzTm0h1r
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKSmpfO3Lm
而喺啲據點主管瘋狂捽數下52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTxRMxHBBVo
啲村民差唔多所有時間52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNWYj7ymc8f
都係用晒嚟做收集橡膠有關嘅工作52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv3t5a2KlAp
而近乎完全冇回報52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjtaZoHq4QC
一般一個成年男丁需要採集廿幾日52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopyLcyA8A8
先夠交嗰個月嘅橡膠稅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8NkCEkrxH5
有剩嘅先可以以賤價賣畀租界公司52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDcY8KTSjWh
去換食物畀屋企人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Hy6zMA5Tb
同時佢地亦都冇時間去打獵種田52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJy6siWh7rl
一切正常嘅經濟民生活動被迫停止52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡScjixRkkOx
所以飢荒係非常普遍52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV6S0bHpH4u
但係相對於交唔足稅嘅懲罰52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJJRwO9WDlw
可以一家人一齊捱餓52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH0OvGDIwdv
對佢地嚟講已經係最好嘅情況嚟㗎喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61lR5arEDF
因為非洲橡膠嘅特點52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DmYMl0M71
令採集嘅效率愈嚟愈低52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxercZqPFuf
要到數係件非常困難嘅事
啲橡膠乳液平均一半係水份，個稅係計曬乾咗嘅重量，所以冇得加水出術
喺呢度要講少少關於橡膠嘅嘢先52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRXHisOzGzS
自從1893年發明咗充氣車胎之後52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtoLxcCbJoR
橡膠嘅需求直線上升52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2nD02LDHi
但係供應個速度一時之間追唔上52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcHThcRhKtd
供不應求下個價由1894年六個幾一公斤52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxA0zD5p0rI
飆升到1898年嘅10法郎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYMzD7vnHw
租界公司當然就會不斷咁提高橡膠稅額啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8deAn7DA0z
但係非洲橡膠乳液嘅採集方法52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaK1W0net8
係冇可能滿足到不停增長嘅需求52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvW4fvqsuOr
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj5OkscfPOO
橡膠主要分兩種:橡膠樹同橡膠攀藤52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3O9UCeOJaP
原產地係南美巴西嘅橡膠樹52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy3hurRhPuW
只需要割開主要軀幹嘅樹皮52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiT2JJsgUCa
因為地心吸力52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡih9m0uyGwj
啲乳液就會自然流出嚟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4sU9FievGa
啲工人割完擺低個桶裝住佢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgZOwuaDIyj
第二日去收番啲桶就搞掂52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXsOHLjBNUX
基本上好似開水喉咁長開長有52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkbcYdIfVRK
不過呢一種樹非洲係冇嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ5Jss59ipr
現時主流嘅收集乳液方法
巴西政府極力維護呢種橡膠樹嘅壟斷52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLYfnrsnWqX
但係喺1876年52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtFDMe1RYgK
呢個英國佬偷咗七萬幾粒種子畀英國政府52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQGziAw8w4A
跟住攞去馬來亞半島度種52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8tUBqxWBTg
所以而家天然橡膠最主要嘅產區係馬來西亞而唔係巴西
而剛果盆地嘅橡膠52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBNuu5Yb6A0
主要來自一種攀藤52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2au14AmHRG
喺雨林呢類攀藤會一路沿住啲大樹幹生上去52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ty96SqXeL
通常會生到三十米以上52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIigThbDWfd
即係大概十幾層樓高52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjkr9cR67o
另外佢會喺樹與樹之間縱橫交錯52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JlO9jttuC
從而冇明顯嘅軀幹52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJj3u1RDP9U
如果用南美橡膠樹嗰種方法去收集乳液嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgPNLWR036
因為冇主要軀幹52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuM22mdrrJ
啲乳液唔夠集中52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiOEV32LVRh
喺啲支幹度收集嘅話個份量會太少52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBimRM9cK9R
收集速度太慢根本唔可行較為有效率嘅方法52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD0b4UXBAj7
就係爬上樹頂52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNCD6QVlBVC
成棵逐忽逐忽斬落嚟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWLqexzeIrl
然後再逐少逐少咁壓榨啲樹皮52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNqMzdfka3
咁樣做除咗好易變空中飛人外52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoitGu0HERA
仲非常晒時間52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiZsU6Lhzf
一日最多榨到兩至三棵52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5058aJHyLI
一棵榨乾榨淨可能得半桶乳液52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Wp9g1leyv
經烘乾後仲要再少一半重量52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrx6v3gQ4xI
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNSSjJE8lwi
最大鑊係咁樣搞一搞棵嘢就會玩完52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo6hJ8IpoWm
即係雨林入面嘅橡膠源買少見少52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC9DGhClQmE
當村附近嘅橡膠源枯竭晒後52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUROMAUfQIT
啲村民就要愈嚟愈深入雨林入面52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS1xS9IUZFN
去搵愈嚟愈稀缺嘅橡膠攀藤52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC79JQ0KMYW
一來一回嘅運輸時間長咗52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNcwrKjcXxa
令效率進一步降低52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9J2eaPm2s
以致到咗1890年代中期52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR0LzbsKdr4
一個成年男丁52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡapKLCIfxTo
已經冇可能完成佢嘅配額喇
等佢滴完一桶你啲屋企人好可能命仔都冇埋喇喎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYf7i7yiB6N
你會點揀?
當然啲黑鬼有困難就係佢地嘅問題嚟啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU0Mq4ZbRAJ
喺啲主管眼中最擔心嘅係佢自己到唔到數52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmGLodrQss
除咗逼啲黑鬼冇飯開都要搵橡膠之外52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFixx4gr0jl
佢地仲會不斷派人探索叢林深處52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPS2R0qgdm1
搵啲未被發現嘅原始部落再設立據點52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzhgH0IBMZB
透過呢啲破壞性嘅開採方法52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn41B1IbRXk
加上不斷發掘新嘅剝削對象52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxTM5Y1FH85
令一眾租界公司業務蒸蒸日上52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5K6zrKQOYY
以A.B.I.R.為例52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAo2UPU9SfR
1892-94兩年總共先賺咗13萬法郎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzvRlrKHKNO
到1900年一年已經賺差唔多250萬喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIcSTdvF8Wh
換番做而家嘅港紙大概係8200萬左右52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwcEmhYk8Ej
呢個仲只係一間公司一年嘅利潤咋喎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2txr2A1maa
成個自由邦總共有九間租界公司52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2vOl8nS16
可想而知嗰個時期成個剛果為利奧波德二世賺咗幾多錢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UDNiqfJjr
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHc9PYFgku
喺呢段時間利奧波德二世利用呢啲錢去還債52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDMz6P4wnyA
同回購租界公司嘅股份52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3iEv5zKtVt
令剛果自由邦逐漸成為佢真正嘅私人財產52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbAKffpCgc
與此同時佢喺比利時大肆建造極其華美嘅建築52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLMGweA91su
又大力扶持國家嘅工業同轉口生意52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgr9KZesVV
比利時因此國泰民安52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0cITQad1bB
一躍成西歐其中一個最工業化，最富裕嘅國家52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK8dM8ybm2S
至於地球另一邊嗰個黑暗角落發生嘅事52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAmIrf43Kcm
當時嘅人係唔知亦都唔會理嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSNgpyXwfIS
佢地只係知道仁慈嘅國王為佢地帶嚟幸福52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnH2v20rjCE
不過呢種發展模式差唔多去到盡頭喇
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPyUjOmAlg6
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYq7EHIpUxI
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ttcsSdKZ3
...待續
52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGpKICY2xus
然後按「加至主畫面」