喺講啲黑鬼點畀利奧波德二世斬手斬腳前83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpXnssDFGfN
首先要講講佢地一路係過緊點嘅生活83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGFZy90uz0q
其實佢地唔係一般人想像中咁原始㗎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPtIt0TehE
喺剛果河下游至河口一帶83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8amfbKCsx7
因為河道較闊83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhcM3JuHml9
葡萄牙人都入到去探索83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ14ykEoHpD4
當地嘅土人接觸得多西方文明83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvDdXczygjN
生活水平同知識相對於內陸係高啲嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbHdNpfr3l
佢地會種啲粟米呀豆呀做主糧83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwMadjoulhp
(係葡萄牙十六十七世紀時引入嘅)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF6I1iFzKK7
基本上已經唔係原始嘅漁獵社會83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUaD4oaDgIH
佢地亦都會同內陸嘅部落83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcSI27pHdT9
以物易物咁換啲象牙同橡膠出嚟賣畀葡萄牙人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLl8HvgIxZN
攞到錢就買啲西方產物83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡho1HLs047L
當年史丹利喺河口係簽唔到協議乜濟83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqEVQiWJAeL
就係因為嗰度嘅人水平較高唔中計83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZQiX547GL
所以剛果河下游自由邦係佔得好少地
(河嘅北岸已經係法屬剛果，南邊就係葡屬安哥拉)
至於中游嘅部落就相對原始好多喇83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHToKcjLabA
因為剛果河中段係由一系列嘅急流同瀑布組成83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAUqUFzIKey
船係行唔到入去嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxxGtw7g3Us
交通非常唔方便83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7KVxgN0Fph
各個部落亦都分得好散83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmeXwRGF1Ob
好多部落第一個見到嘅白人就係史丹利83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjqD7hQ422N
所以先畀佢有機可乘83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIVfyPjJQOM
而呢啲部落主要都係捉吓魚呀，食吓猩猩呀咁維生83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtBAS7aVMVu
一般人眼中嘅非洲原始人就係呢啲喇
位於剛果河中游嘅博約馬瀑布83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzJ6iD8ggki
舊稱史丹利瀑布83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAj9XHpT3B5
故名思義就係阿史生首先發現㗎啦
上游近大湖區嘅部落多數都係畀阿拉伯人控制嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoiGoXt3Pof
不過啲阿拉伯人又唔係真係咁殘暴嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3DHW6nUic
因為佢地主要係捉啲人攞去賣吓83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡybRzDiNaW7
同要脅吓啲村民幫佢地搵象牙嘅啫83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj8CK4SlmyA
佢地要長做長有所以唔會搞到啲村民太慘83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHecuiBD5k7
始終啲人身體唔好又點賣到好價錢呢?83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡATmnYoAtNY
大屠殺對佢地嘅生意冇好處83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmEnU3bl6L
而啲村民多數都係捉魚為生83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH7iyo0Br1e
(嗰系列嘅大湖係全非洲水產最豐富嘅地區)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JtqyucRYk
而南邊嘅熱帶草原地帶就係最富庶嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaW2EdalIWz
嗰度嘅部落有種嘢嘅又有放牧嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGLvsO0VWCJ
但係最賺錢嘅係採礦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIFZV4GHYMJ
剛果南部加丹加地區喺正非洲中部嘅大礦帶83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtftLj9xWul
喺嗰度嘅部族領袖多數都係靠賣銅畀歐洲人致富83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKDsZk9ekfI
生番土王帝Msiri就係其中最強大嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bhsk8wa8C
剛果地形大概係由東部高地一路斜向西邊83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOZ2L4zsHdr
北面係雨林南邊就草原83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPFoFSGXgEu
咁大個國家得西邊一個出海口仔83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63JsmjBkn7
(佢海岸線得卅七公里,香港嗰條都有七百幾公里啦)
如果利奧波德二世可以慢慢發展83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDw92LhNXwS
根據唔同地方嘅情況去計劃開發嘅方向嘅話83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnpgW0RyVqR
一塊資源咁豐富嘅地方係可以有好大嘅潛力83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt5dqhirwWB
由農業採礦開始83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPutpAsmEwY
再慢慢發展工業83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGWyfS6npUs
有人力又有資源其實係最理想嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgZ3EHfsvyW
不過佢冇時間咁做83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8pYoFHghAL
而家呢一刻嘅利奧波德二世83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsiUzNb3K9j
可以話係揹到成身街數83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmPiGNYbANZ
佢唔不惜一切咁搵錢填氹嘅話83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvF3SMVZned
唔好話發展呀83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfIk8i3Oy3b
連佢自己都會搞到債主臨門一身蟻83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10pFoICr9j
咁點先可以最快速咁喺殖民地攞到錢呢?83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmPVaHuh2D
剛果唔似南美印加帝國咁有咁多金畀西班牙佬去搶83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBPYeiyJSue
要喺度攞錢最快嘅方法就係變賣資源83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtG33jKOU95
剛果最值錢嘅就係南部嘅礦產同雨林入面嘅象牙同橡膠83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡExrAGBNv8H
喺自由邦成立前啲土人係隨意去攞嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfht02JBZp8
再經自由貿易賣畀歐洲人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyf1DF1Ck43
利奧波德二世如果要變賣資源賺錢83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46KF2DavR8
佢首先要壟斷呢啲資源嘅擁有權83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkwzpu5ihLX
但係本身喺自由邦入面做緊生意嘅歐洲商人一定會屌鬼83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIyd8N5V8E
佢要用啲冇咁顯眼嘅方法去做
喺1889年佢頒布咗一個政令83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDzKgwWl7a3
將剛果自由邦裡面冇人居住嘅土地劃為邦政府所有83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjJvC5piyfn
因為成個剛果大部分都係冇人嘅雨林83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcG0iidKps1
咁即係差唔多八九成嘅土地都變咗係政府嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5IoKUq56w
跟住喺1892年佢宣布所有喺政府土地收集到嘅嘢83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpwYl8lA8Kx
都只可以賣畀政府或者指定嘅公司83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUm8oS0mPQt
各國企業家都可以競投十到十五年嘅專營權83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiuGPLiJeMJ
(當然到最後都係畀利奧波德二世有關嘅租界公司攞到啦)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUvROF0HAKI
透過呢啲條例同方法83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQLP5YDPo6
利奧波德二世就可以係冇明顯違反柏林協議83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCFkKUpVzwO
有關各國自由貿易嘅條款下83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrw39aPBuz
壟斷全個剛果自由邦嘅資源83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc73q6GjnQW
咁邦政府同租界公司83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxMZ1KOMqVD
就可以用佢地控制嘅價格83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKcIKFjcBPe
去買入啲黑鬼收集到嘅資源喇
個價同係自由市場嘅分別好大83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBxIhCnCbrx
之前啲黑鬼賣橡膠畀葡萄牙人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhygSF44SRc
一公斤可以賣到3-4法郎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTyytB4qIZS
而家租界公司最多只會出7毫子
另外佢又用啱啱打贏咗阿拉伯人所攞到嘅聲望83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVGshTboXn
說服各國畀佢向自由邦嘅人收稅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQR6JkV5C4
用嚟平衡返打仗嘅支出同起鐵路嘅支出83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKSgJb3iD4i
(喺1892年自由邦政府開始起一條鐵路83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA3maMV9qeX
繞過剛果河中游嘅瀑布區83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0sWoInrJhA
全長三百幾公里)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVp03W5Rxk
啲稅收係以橡膠或者象牙嚟繳付83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW3ctpbqdyM
好似人頭稅咁83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEMCK9xrCF
每個成年男人都有一個配額83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmb8FAuMSu
由租界公司收取83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtb7m1j0NgV
FP做稅吏追稅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYlCywo3FL5
...似曾相識83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf025apCh1e
一切都好似返返去中世紀封建時代咁83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPOtWHRgOc4
無助嘅農奴畀殘暴嘅稅吏追稅⋯⋯83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsv5zNwbwbS
剛果人嘅悲劇而家可以開始喇
利奧波德二世實際上係將成個剛果自由邦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO2gQgC5SCx
分成九座巨大嘅勞動集中營83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ796tcFYSqa
而喺呢九個租界裡面83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuFREbjXiY
每一條村都有由租界公司設立嘅哨站83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlo8QPZAu3
哨站嘅主管全部都係歐洲嚟嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjQQtl10ffL
以惡名昭彰嘅A.B.I.R.為例83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdU5I2uglYW
(Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company，83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQUCuymwBU
利奧波德二世以代理人嘅方式83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPqPnFuBDdl
同英國一個陸軍上校合資喺1892年成立嘅)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpEaAX5xy4
佢會以三年合約83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡop72ATHhXF
每年千八到二千法郎咁請啲人過去做嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrwb5XwgpMz
呢個人工其實唔係咁高83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiupvX2YwfY
大概相等於同時期歐洲一個普通工人嘅年薪83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUeI9xMgp3p
嗰度又山旮旯又多蛇蟲鼠蟻仲有食人族83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ07kdtUIFqq
正常嚟講應該係睬佢都有味83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3bOZl5Bv1B
不過如果啲主管跑過咗target話就唔同咁講喇83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNjyOcoDqRm
(通常個target係佢管轄區內83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6h25jk2zXt
每個成年男丁每個月提供8到10公斤乾橡膠)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXuTAIfji42
因為橡膠總值嘅2%83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJbdkMnjsrj
會作為佣金派發畀主管嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1heTBI8eG2
個佣可以去到萬七法朗一年83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmkTdkgisoN
加埋佢份底薪嘅話有成萬九法郎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ3RMGn1r8j
相等於而家63萬港紙左右83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnWGW7vO81
呢個人工對當時嘅歐洲人嚟講係非常吸引83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6sum7JW1jl
(去Working Holiday三年83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfsB8hjh1vj
之後返番鄉下就可以生活無憂䟴䟴腳，爽 )83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtrcpTTXbuK
但係如果唔到target嘅話83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWciGxEzesb
就要喺份糧到嘔番個差額出嚟83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgMysTUiVNv
所以喺呢個跑數制度之下83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPC6vlronSV
啲主管係會毫無人性咁捽數83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxgTnnZCxjV
務求喺三年內賺夠走人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu1DQy33zBv
而幫佢地去實行捽數計劃嘅就係FP83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRPmBkh3dD9
最初FP係利奧波德二世喺比利時請過嚟嘅士官做管理83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo9LlwpxNEO
再加上由桑吉巴請番嚟嘅僱傭兵所組成嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG2b4fD3FoA
後來FP喺剛果-阿拉伯戰爭爆發期間迅速膨脹83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ1cHbxwSn4
因為唔夠人佢開始強行徵召戰區內嘅黑鬼入伍83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtambcyQmOV
到戰爭完結時83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2sZ4L5cmHv
FP嘅主力差唔多全部都係剛果人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVXoQTCDm4
但係點解啲黑鬼會咁樣殘害自己同胞嘅?
其實所謂嘅“剛果人”83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLH7gyAGi9N
喺自由邦成立前根本係唔存在嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVcpyJrvWvf
剛果盆地本身有二百幾個部族83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnyUT6zyn8H
喺歐洲人未嚟到之前83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO1mnwQ3biZ
佢地已經為咗爭奪資源而打生打死83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA01cnXB3LI
呢啲鬥爭係唔會因為柏林會議強加上去嘅國界而平息83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgGPz4Daehm
佢地從來都唔係一個統一嘅民族83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiYZleeeCj
所以都講唔上係自相殘殺83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPeKBhePkz7
另外FP主要係徵召剛果東北部83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzbdtrZWVp0
以剽悍見稱嘅食人部落83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWjYDuRhik
佢地不嬲都以侵略其他部落為生83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡilCISckzkg
而家邦政府出埋糧畀埋槍83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ6XYfblq7z
佢地開心都嚟唔切啦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH4wTwmHd0s
加上如果佢地負責嘅嗰條村唔到target嘅話83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrf6YyQVnws
佢地除咗會被扣一半糧之外83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUQ2DSm2rnE
仲要畀人虐打甚至收監83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Qc8BEa5uU
(監獄平均每日死三到十個人左右83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVAJo2I0UW1
所以入得去坐都唔使旨意有命出番嚟)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpUIUMD7iz3
正所謂人不為己天誅地滅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ3HowuvZwN
畀著係你會點揀?
呢條叫Chicotte，葡文解做鞭83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCzifaZOUH
呢啲犀牛皮做嘅鞭通常係攞嚟教訓啲搵唔夠橡膠嘅人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx0B8rkDmrj
一個成年男人大概可以受卅鞭左右啦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGlLQnD4OmU
再多就升仙㗎喇
呢個男人望住嘅係佢個五歲嘅女嘅手同腳83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdctQ1OvKN7
至於其他部分同阿媽呢83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDP7xYtAoXR
就畀FP嘅僱傭兵食咗83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE5aVrb743
呢幅相揭露咗二十世紀初一場最大嘅人道醜聞
同啲阿拉伯奴隸主一樣83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNI3qqmIXvm
FP最常用嘅招數83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hbQjMIsmV
都係綁架啲男丁嘅老婆仔女屋企人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlCsbAA8HyX
去逼佢地採集橡膠83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3vkGtfqnw
面對咁嘅壓迫83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡifaRYKNrFW
啲村民當然不滿啦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gOa8gOdH5
尤其係喺自由邦西部近河口嘅部落83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXD1y2Uf3gg
呢啲稅項同壟斷令到佢地做開嘅生意完全停止83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEYebSDzwv
佢地有啲選擇咗反抗83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAokAKoixB
不過因為實力差距太大83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3NkmUymWgi
好多時呢啲叛亂都係滅族收場嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcP6yA8lZjB
所以大部分自由邦西部嘅部落83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPAkJSw2uR
都選擇向南面嘅葡屬安哥拉同北面嘅法屬剛果遷徙83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9x1fi6BQR
以致當英國係1903年派人嚟調查自由邦內嘅情況時83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZUB46Wa21v
個調查員形容剛果河口地區嘅情況係83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoSH2vwYzA4
「自由邦境內人影都冇，但河嘅兩岸就人煙稠密」83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxMuhBAI5V
不過呢到冇乜橡膠資源83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0RtY4it52
所以邦政府對啲人出走都唔係好緊張83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAKzeKaW4k
至於內陸地區嘅部落就冇咁好彩走到喇83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEzv0FkvQ3
邦政府同租界公司對每條村都有嚴密嘅監控83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4CPIbkGyPZ
主要對外通道全部都有人把守83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡslhQKUBKZO
想逃避唯一辦法就係匿埋喺叢林度83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrZ9gmTn0Bk
然後等死(其實都有唔少人咁做...)83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaoz0cn1P9R
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGY6RhmgiSx
而喺啲據點主管瘋狂捽數下83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpW4201tkAL
啲村民差唔多所有時間83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRaNzPWXLNl
都係用晒嚟做收集橡膠有關嘅工作83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnsAhSCIubW
而近乎完全冇回報83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKoXcGA8aDU
一般一個成年男丁需要採集廿幾日83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpOzlF2dva
先夠交嗰個月嘅橡膠稅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvFULIqRj8r
有剩嘅先可以以賤價賣畀租界公司83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IK9lZlFkU
去換食物畀屋企人83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhGTN759SYF
同時佢地亦都冇時間去打獵種田83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1qt9qP58DU
一切正常嘅經濟民生活動被迫停止83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzeufwMPX9O
所以飢荒係非常普遍83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYzl1aIDGDb
但係相對於交唔足稅嘅懲罰83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcOudo5dfIU
可以一家人一齊捱餓83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRMh29JPH9E
對佢地嚟講已經係最好嘅情況嚟㗎喇83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22YaSUqpCa
因為非洲橡膠嘅特點83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFdDU0A9sTu
令採集嘅效率愈嚟愈低83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTb0eYU0YJh
要到數係件非常困難嘅事
啲橡膠乳液平均一半係水份，個稅係計曬乾咗嘅重量，所以冇得加水出術
喺呢度要講少少關於橡膠嘅嘢先83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1dxHxsTWOZ
自從1893年發明咗充氣車胎之後83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxemxTougRH
橡膠嘅需求直線上升83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewqOKpWStH
但係供應個速度一時之間追唔上83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkae1VZu9pm
供不應求下個價由1894年六個幾一公斤83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgLsOtxq8MS
飆升到1898年嘅10法郎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhn2C0LfXYc
租界公司當然就會不斷咁提高橡膠稅額啦83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpmwTb9OjxZ
但係非洲橡膠乳液嘅採集方法83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeiLq1fDTp
係冇可能滿足到不停增長嘅需求83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfi8e3ZTxPx
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaPSTcbg1ge
橡膠主要分兩種:橡膠樹同橡膠攀藤83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyre36XtNMh
原產地係南美巴西嘅橡膠樹83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3fqHh225E
只需要割開主要軀幹嘅樹皮83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3bO6MVboy2
因為地心吸力83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDIRaXOKyS1
啲乳液就會自然流出嚟83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEpncMLmQ4
啲工人割完擺低個桶裝住佢83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIA2nudNEy1
第二日去收番啲桶就搞掂83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRZmpuhVYLa
基本上好似開水喉咁長開長有83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhJBqSzi28A
不過呢一種樹非洲係冇嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlslBsgKNPK
現時主流嘅收集乳液方法
巴西政府極力維護呢種橡膠樹嘅壟斷83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLI6IOZ96l2
但係喺1876年83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT6A5a8QnFS
呢個英國佬偷咗七萬幾粒種子畀英國政府83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGyV30m9CIY
跟住攞去馬來亞半島度種83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX96iA7YQcC
所以而家天然橡膠最主要嘅產區係馬來西亞而唔係巴西
而剛果盆地嘅橡膠83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVfn5CUH2oz
主要來自一種攀藤83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyyJXFwPhHr
喺雨林呢類攀藤會一路沿住啲大樹幹生上去83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXyh34aUNt7
通常會生到三十米以上83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHNi824f0rQ
即係大概十幾層樓高83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnIgFR8I8Gq
另外佢會喺樹與樹之間縱橫交錯83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEc9wBprjEf
從而冇明顯嘅軀幹83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1a4D0HYhJr
如果用南美橡膠樹嗰種方法去收集乳液嘅話83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5BmHKxeiUi
因為冇主要軀幹83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡELTgdNFzAF
啲乳液唔夠集中83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzfcFgRpuZB
喺啲支幹度收集嘅話個份量會太少83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp96qLScdqs
收集速度太慢根本唔可行較為有效率嘅方法83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH7JzCK9IXD
就係爬上樹頂83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrNqNj641Vj
成棵逐忽逐忽斬落嚟83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDHewvJhJXu
然後再逐少逐少咁壓榨啲樹皮83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRiRj5FWryh
咁樣做除咗好易變空中飛人外83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp3XSjD79ZF
仲非常晒時間83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkm5kI8L1bd
一日最多榨到兩至三棵83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkG6q6lut9w
一棵榨乾榨淨可能得半桶乳液83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk7eZ2TGvAR
經烘乾後仲要再少一半重量83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvyvKCMHMJ
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNxtfXlgIBU
最大鑊係咁樣搞一搞棵嘢就會玩完83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ZRFmCwlsc
即係雨林入面嘅橡膠源買少見少83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKQCjRl2q3
當村附近嘅橡膠源枯竭晒後83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvbf7SdtZs
啲村民就要愈嚟愈深入雨林入面83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4HZ1A2fgAk
去搵愈嚟愈稀缺嘅橡膠攀藤83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRDy7ZuRwy
一來一回嘅運輸時間長咗83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu1jQo04J3E
令效率進一步降低83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwh1NqGPjqT
以致到咗1890年代中期83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXV5f3EaSY6
一個成年男丁83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZideP3onCd
已經冇可能完成佢嘅配額喇
等佢滴完一桶你啲屋企人好可能命仔都冇埋喇喎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEJ5gG2dHDu
你會點揀?
當然啲黑鬼有困難就係佢地嘅問題嚟啫83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hZZoz7uai
喺啲主管眼中最擔心嘅係佢自己到唔到數83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkbr97gJLpn
除咗逼啲黑鬼冇飯開都要搵橡膠之外83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg4xjGLvai7
佢地仲會不斷派人探索叢林深處83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNqsvlUD14u
搵啲未被發現嘅原始部落再設立據點83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHI60OUaKJT
透過呢啲破壞性嘅開採方法83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2psW1jYrKn
加上不斷發掘新嘅剝削對象83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6JT8UghAMy
令一眾租界公司業務蒸蒸日上83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7p9TZBIK2
以A.B.I.R.為例83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTxVA3KUw4
1892-94兩年總共先賺咗13萬法郎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjWhjG4FVdb
到1900年一年已經賺差唔多250萬喇83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzFWLmsEPya
換番做而家嘅港紙大概係8200萬左右83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3lstE7Fpdo
呢個仲只係一間公司一年嘅利潤咋喎83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDNzem9LBj
成個自由邦總共有九間租界公司83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xG4DVflSQ
可想而知嗰個時期成個剛果為利奧波德二世賺咗幾多錢83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXRqe1n9k0
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMUBxOJ6y2E
喺呢段時間利奧波德二世利用呢啲錢去還債83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmAzEJKtbSb
同回購租界公司嘅股份83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa98ePTBK0u
令剛果自由邦逐漸成為佢真正嘅私人財產83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCfhMfqKNk3
與此同時佢喺比利時大肆建造極其華美嘅建築83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiqbn8e4Yug
又大力扶持國家嘅工業同轉口生意83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGmTyyGkzrH
比利時因此國泰民安83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw17FRNqhRD
一躍成西歐其中一個最工業化，最富裕嘅國家83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPLojIjYIC
至於地球另一邊嗰個黑暗角落發生嘅事83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7LMWXeLsp8
當時嘅人係唔知亦都唔會理嘅83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiV1D1ne7kz
佢地只係知道仁慈嘅國王為佢地帶嚟幸福83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6FkNBx6Sm8
不過呢種發展模式差唔多去到盡頭喇
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRmLUhPbLtv
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNJg7eiXZM
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0jMry87nHl
...待續
83Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAQBeUtOpWi
然後按「加至主畫面」