A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS4YrQnSCSd
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡALVhirDQEy
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpqFYLfQUk
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7ZiHpA2Bn
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq70ha4k8iQ
try or install ubuntu186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSmsmVg55gY
choose your language: english186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡreAbd5ihBK
accessibility in ubuntu: next186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhBqyirX4KN
select your keyboard layout: english(US)186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxHiJXrbPsW
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbYE47Y1cqB
install ubuntu186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ34KWWStLKv
interactive installation186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDRxeefnju2
extended selection186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqb34pV0ywb
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyV4E8XYVPd
check: download and install support for additional media formats186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0nDIMEMWrZ
erase disk and install ubuntu186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVz05LEdP2L
choose sdb186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62SUjYItJO
your name: buda 186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9d7NMTomBF
your computer's name: vultr186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbA9W3ckuA
your username: buda 186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC48McGKH7y
timezone: shanghai186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5QIyXtVTK2
install186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyZhAkII9xp
restart now186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkNZ8y1RVN2
拔出U盘, 按enter键
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8YfIT1Nc3
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAhc8Xo5qmw
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIOOiszfsHP
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Sxk5CtnV8
# cd /usr/src/glibc186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVzeEjvIVd
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGm5XOK6t4
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHYZTn5tGSf
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkLQPXiPcbI
# usermod -a -G root buda186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAxCp1vEZE3
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMv4g641eUg
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPw4p8nUEPm
apt show rethinkdb186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAVoQxJmxhi
apt remove rethinkdb186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSGlGMI0Sn
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMudQCwdhLB
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYodHtDzsJT
sudo apt update
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHgumAU8kcS
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4IZvhIuX5v
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEms6LVkBDE
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNu2hxS0km
编辑配置文件186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡetwCGPEwyK
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOM0D5fPWPH
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ51xOeFQ281
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7jpd20RdY
patch:186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3mHTzUBJl
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtqwIxyjAr5
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCw7LOjKaU
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq63YdVybNW
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpX9rjnU1b2
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRSJcyiCV9u
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUNfs4lMZRd
--------------------------------------------------------------186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ay5ZlJ43G
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡULWARoTbmp
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIzYPdoO2Vm
部署rime输入法：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefu2BPXROl
# ibus restart186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5tnVq0tivh
# ibus engine rime186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9EDSal7Yis
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuSBygw36Sn
按shift键进行中英输入转换186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOKO2Cc9n9b
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS0MnWJBfEw
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXt6bompOg
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWmQpPvGgGu
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh8tQX2TDYy
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMscpT7eEc
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWAAwUW0ir
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8urw9HcsoO
# cd ~/Downloads186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZVvXByOpEo
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVBZR2uT2JX
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWvFpVA4MI
# node -v186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj7o8jf8KjT
# npm install npm@latest -g186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3njapxIKX
# npm config get registry186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOH45C2YlMv
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1pTtu87jRa
如果想用回官方registry:186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGBWZdfaws
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIVklgebn21
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3XmJsbAdx
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡityeuYFKqV
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFq4eVCCZpx
# nvm install --lts186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWBPOlzpSpW
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtTGDTNJFZO
npm i package_name186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk2ha595IUA
项目更新186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBILUtGYTC
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTnQoOjJXNT
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw9J99VRg1n
如果不存在，生成证书186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH9Vj9wfHZt
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8iOTG5RoJa
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHRgxcoFdbH
将证书拷贝到服务器186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRZXJD6byrI
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5f1PjEwVBG
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGED2mUryed
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ6b6rB5cg1
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3TydXkQXf1
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMlduzO7OOD
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOGe29NtEKU
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xAE2xZpuZ
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt49GXgstRi
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡccgTzVGhkl
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcUXwzVRE1L
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj2oeRaT98y
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqlAfY4iI8U
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ505KuF8NoT
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsxtLEYgKho
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡawUS4MpKxG
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2pRU71B1lD
# ufw allow 22186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGaVXeNv7Bx
# ufw allow 80186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFB8sm3vb4f
# ufw allow 443186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqtrWr4TSKx
# ufw enable186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtriqSdlVon
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm0OVe8vpGY
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaFqJpJkCi
# passwd root186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7wcvqc3qi
# usermod -a -G groupA username186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV81dFhMjJt
# groups username
修改hostname186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj7MLiw5DyQ
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8vBlXCyMsF
# lscpu
查看内存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRCtIL0FBBP
# free -h186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x0dmjN59d
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBva0n9W0Is
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLBwUePNSA
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIKll2sGzj2
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEmQGEE49o9
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj8XxmHhn53
用sudo执行：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSkBJDaTZuf
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnCLTZkbPe6
查看硬盘186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl3ehrPJsDq
# sudo lshw -c disk186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYzhPkVLtyr
查看分区186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2DhaPp5OW
# sudo fdisk -l186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnmnqjiPXjq
查看磁盘剩余空间186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo5iph5n5vb
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1T7D349Uk8
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0mkZfxpnq7
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Xq0Q7Q8x9
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKVWZw384f
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ55ViSvUVsL
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ92acGsPduz
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ38hGIH2hrc
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKquSGywYQ
g：所属组（group）。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTRHDY0fD7A
o：其他用户（others）。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZo6XGydPRt
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhXBf5KBfZe
操作符：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeUDJijK0zm
+：添加权限。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOfX2YIqR4
-：移除权限。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4RTGCPHgq
=：设置权限。186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0Dwp1dX1T
權限：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLD8eHLvknH
r（读） = 4186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg3BDlrD7UT
w（写） = 2186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJ5DBhJfnh
x（执行） = 1186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmyZhkPtjK
-（无权限） = 0186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡarJ1yUsKL2
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM3C90TK3WR
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPocqZZ36b
5 = r-x（4 + 1）186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTDNNpZ2A0g
6 = rw-（4 + 2）186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS5IatY5hHm
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPb4AjeZj4K
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwDzqCg2VgY
添加alias, 比如：186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtRN2dXpSGo
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ6rrayWgUr
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3DCVzto4b
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpKAANVDLkX
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]186Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Ew39ntF0n
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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