A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHV6EIBdrpF
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6eKEm8uCx
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFFqQsCOAUc
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x38WQTo4F
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvyfcgaI9JL
try or install ubuntu243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvWXgyvk2U
choose your language: english243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJBdpDRw8yX
accessibility in ubuntu: next243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtRR8q7I6cN
select your keyboard layout: english(US)243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOMGuISvh2t
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiP64heryAr
install ubuntu243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUDtsx2aXmL
interactive installation243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcojLtEPb67
extended selection243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdvaTTGlcK7
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmDfFbHoSYN
check: download and install support for additional media formats243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRT16c2cpr3
erase disk and install ubuntu243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Q8n8OZH5w
choose sdb243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTzYt7ZmXPL
your name: buda 243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6zfXoybtKB
your computer's name: vultr243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxQBpal9nFe
your username: buda 243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjuVKasnzNb
timezone: shanghai243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmP6KE6nE6h
install243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwn4bM0yGCc
restart now243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYkA6zIx78t
拔出U盘, 按enter键
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxRSB4D3jAO
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB82mSawUGF
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSrrY20ZmpU
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbh5ZIOgZst
# cd /usr/src/glibc243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBeGduU8b2m
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieeHfauxyb
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc2BnRSN1kO
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡATpNfClCPO
# usermod -a -G root buda243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyJAWR66OMQ
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ21YpqSfb0y
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP9PGLIVNGQ
apt show rethinkdb243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLLlunvH0kJ
apt remove rethinkdb243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmOwS45VJW
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKgFHA0rsk
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaK70F24V84
sudo apt update
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGmn6dDrvi
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbheFSZzi2Q
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYzubcqQAr0
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwKv02JEXs8
编辑配置文件243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmV1vqs9d4v
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0A59O22Zt3
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI3kI5LDnbY
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlnsXpSZTGw
patch:243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmrMPg6gSZ3
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtV5Smet3QE
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxBglVMdpzA
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKQ9hRR1knd
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlGt3hnG4uK
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNFo2j08eb3
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTJdupORRWd
--------------------------------------------------------------243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKO3tOUg1m1
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxVpU34keeQ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuR3mKH8yVF
部署rime输入法：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXUwUCytA6p
# ibus restart243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYlrCCjj0Wa
# ibus engine rime243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVqLGbf19yn
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3SELX9ICQ
按shift键进行中英输入转换243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡADEoRGfsxs
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrrgdgwpwww
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEF7UCU6vrG
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtm2o5hinZU
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbXg7hLaGpu
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3dljhx4p1H
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzok74xHOQ2
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhDCV9YSo83
# cd ~/Downloads243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QvUl3VuJh
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQYAIb0Bdcx
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKgKBesjlU
# node -v243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4CFZdL74rG
# npm install npm@latest -g243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjZbtrkRyk5
# npm config get registry243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Ky1fsH3K6
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo9P6NJYNDP
如果想用回官方registry:243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJQaZQEoW6
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1lQ9b3P44g
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4hBoaCRe7n
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡThxh83UXFW
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJlVK6OY5Fk
# nvm install --lts243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkr1yOa04Xz
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgiVMvEpuSc
npm i package_name243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ1UhsrUtDV
项目更新243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB8DQNYpYAF
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOdBm3LnnCX
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1PrNtmoKr
如果不存在，生成证书243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuvRM2jzz3W
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv5bQYzxvCB
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvbiCPOD6h
将证书拷贝到服务器243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN4PK5b0nKs
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡigIRZoN9jc
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9HniZIfeF
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡawNxDMPzfk
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLhqX3Dc6u
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG3GovXyVqj
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ9DXUFydfn
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBOJ8It5RPq
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt1gMAr10OL
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ26p2paJ07r
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXL4Bm7hAoz
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVRijcxaEm
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk3vPowA1SK
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLo0Tf3Wyyl
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKX5d55k0wh
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlulnqdGOxb
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ewweMQYsJ
# ufw allow 22243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHskFclnhM
# ufw allow 80243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jgVmdpRCn
# ufw allow 443243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqBHNTFy93a
# ufw enable243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡha2va6ZfqW
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3atZBsePl9
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4z5lTbynB
# passwd root243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI80i1JClj1
# usermod -a -G groupA username243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgjlg32QqDZ
# groups username
修改hostname243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ78qMJAA4Dk
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ44balUDyBA
# lscpu
查看内存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtmHQzNGoTn
# free -h243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡABBg5EIIx1
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyaVp3rOdqF
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSO9rfOWe4N
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDYP9VdHMYt
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbH5VI53z6N
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdupDyaFuMv
用sudo执行：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLNOip7a2tg
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ogGhABVxq
查看硬盘243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmuzezkZSSv
# sudo lshw -c disk243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ25YQgzeYgc
查看分区243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQy59u0hSKr
# sudo fdisk -l243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ28qcLNb8cv
查看磁盘剩余空间243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnUJN6tL1OJ
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2XCEV16tiR
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrtNOVjXYG
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWt1A3WvtAw
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD3uxJXwL5T
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyEvMHtetDc
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwF2PQ1gz4u
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8S45dTxp9
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7IULHcrU1a
g：所属组（group）。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡatjEc08fXL
o：其他用户（others）。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEEO5RlzGD7
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡar3nJ9Jlml
操作符：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC6NmUumf1B
+：添加权限。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLYlJHNIaja
-：移除权限。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQuFaRoZGoJ
=：设置权限。243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKUFUDll0T
權限：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDZM5tnwF0
r（读） = 4243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE3WDIvrvw0
w（写） = 2243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbO2tMNTEE3
x（执行） = 1243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡApDi2cxYzw
-（无权限） = 0243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtjRj3zPYf8
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenyzkDfbmr
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBgOBxa3cf0
5 = r-x（4 + 1）243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRVc7qWi3cQ
6 = rw-（4 + 2）243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3P59W5M97l
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0VTON1m2B0
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡit3s2CMeHr
添加alias, 比如：243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa1l9K4RH75
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWWm5Y4Gtn
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hfoZdDEpO
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBfMKtJwnFq
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]243Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjk2QQ4igYX
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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