A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY7ShAbQIKL
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡclUVxa8lsI
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiekOSNW92U
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfcXw7IQAAs
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyFjphLcWR
try or install ubuntu102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ01vsQrXgeS
choose your language: english102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQOiQ80c1S
accessibility in ubuntu: next102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEeTis7m0Ta
select your keyboard layout: english(US)102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxZaUAPVTQq
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7hmQaTBJug
install ubuntu102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxHJxK9n2S8
interactive installation102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeekJuPouVK
extended selection102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxiLzmAw1Ni
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbA1bIFfrau
check: download and install support for additional media formats102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeAMAdpmkeC
erase disk and install ubuntu102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfhpLkvikRR
choose sdb102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxY2azRQrxr
your name: buda 102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLPmMr8wQW
your computer's name: vultr102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmL6OyFwovh
your username: buda 102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHxuGqbe7Q
timezone: shanghai102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNrZIPzdw94
install102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZLarMqejz
restart now102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNOKaayjjsI
拔出U盘, 按enter键
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRg1hLfXMJ8
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH9WsHFzmH0
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpXuYqSQHDz
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHIl9Py5ltJ
# cd /usr/src/glibc102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfgZykTBhXg
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡASbTz0f4VT
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXjwrISokv
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZt7cCrzQV3
# usermod -a -G root buda102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPLUykBqrC
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmGEMURzEPK
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFlrTUTPW2t
apt show rethinkdb102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFKDj0aDUur
apt remove rethinkdb102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoZRAuPke3k
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1aIQk29ZIm
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6FOWGDKxtL
sudo apt update
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡleaUSpDfV6
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bZWwvDQsp
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTi8NK6Ubal
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuoXGiIoLLB
编辑配置文件102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWkhcsXNPed
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw48qTUnRN5
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs0UjrFqWAw
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWRNw1hNjPO
patch:102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6grDg1KP9
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdTfxaprmE
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaNXebtdF1s
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGVfB5hxFbq
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8D2gSlvSVV
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76KBF9SNLr
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnGRRCXMFTn
--------------------------------------------------------------102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhG3bG5aqNM
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmm6al4lR77
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57LvuSeokv
部署rime输入法：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLszFrs3bj
# ibus restart102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrJICdJP01n
# ibus engine rime102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNPthDhSKJT
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CwWBRNlFP
按shift键进行中英输入转换102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hUlJ6hHTZ
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEg1leBq1cz
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0pVWZoN3m
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hlfINOvjd
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqD9eykTma
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdTbSrl3w0
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrKagJAuXY
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKcjsurWMh
# cd ~/Downloads102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SML5zPUAO
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzurklZRbBl
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqw0UPzWBt
# node -v102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhBUjwhNLom
# npm install npm@latest -g102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9LyzL22y3h
# npm config get registry102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ574u020eQ8
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNoXkGDDOAy
如果想用回官方registry:102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYk1DJsvhO
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡijmwSlCsnD
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUE6rIlt0wj
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2ARRcs4E2
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4MIRwcX6Gk
# nvm install --lts102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0XGmlZUjmn
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlznFu0B03y
npm i package_name102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡALNirAmpBY
项目更新102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIjiOnYeNYP
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2TbenjCmgS
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz1TSdwb8Qu
如果不存在，生成证书102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0g6NCfAqy3
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡliK8GQKr14
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLiqA3TjmO
将证书拷贝到服务器102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcbG3d18ZzD
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0w9R63Bvei
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUidaYw7Fue
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsOOscLv5B9
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtrwkYhJXvs
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC0g49Igroo
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOmj96beSid
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡloBUe1NhLT
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkNDLLUbnIM
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYfXLnnFUS
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt5ZxQHGuxS
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4SXgvRhGof
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8dBOnw8Pp1
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ54uyd3ZI70
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDnCzRSHNDh
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzAIGYtp2B
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RDNklHUZ1
# ufw allow 22102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdtG03Hi3eV
# ufw allow 80102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO0hlFO9UWn
# ufw allow 443102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡceRAq3XCC7
# ufw enable102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ25TIG0qPrG
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtTLitffanl
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA2ByHy1YY0
# passwd root102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZgUoRc4gke
# usermod -a -G groupA username102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMG97RmuPN9
# groups username
修改hostname102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ2JDIwsZD7
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9JcqRT7j5r
# lscpu
查看内存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxcAM26rO4k
# free -h102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI2OFv7R0Tz
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxPSaWKhZQf
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL1Wde7LRcl
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk901akKwnj
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡETFl72xdRA
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTuy7lYi4C
用sudo执行：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs37g75Tufe
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0TBGWmdvl3
查看硬盘102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTPsIOLHQO4
# sudo lshw -c disk102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzB1m9HVsl5
查看分区102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiIHfasz6JB
# sudo fdisk -l102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodAMBdQiUb
查看磁盘剩余空间102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgtMm5bAsk2
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgOAw7u27GW
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHjVvEeT7An
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRLGguA2Sw
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbJHSOK5Ki
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡURtde6smpG
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUndJesgbe5
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoMJNfYVwrN
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoOU7qcPUm8
g：所属组（group）。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmxKp1fzmY
o：其他用户（others）。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfDp9gOZkSt
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOoWBJo3QqO
操作符：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hDnapB2wV
+：添加权限。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkC78EEfhl4
-：移除权限。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOV5v498OOt
=：设置权限。102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqhhyzDk8M
權限：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ708UjE3udf
r（读） = 4102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4PJGpcj8DA
w（写） = 2102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiM3nKD1Hh5
x（执行） = 1102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNVGNU1TBbr
-（无权限） = 0102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1r3ZYH1Bns
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLdB7FyblH8
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqSIGjeTjkr
5 = r-x（4 + 1）102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHVtfI31C3
6 = rw-（4 + 2）102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzDI83SWB61
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj4ReVKS2Wg
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3bpI4VmIJh
添加alias, 比如：102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hvh1kEBMZ
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYK0bwkIsrX
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN5U35ebS5J
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ74v3JFigTE
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]102Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnEWoCJRTem
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns3.144.101.71da2
然後按「加至主畫面」