A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoUlJXNcpPI
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVB2CM1yCVv
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ96BLqNwWnj
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRvFyR1YlTW
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPlJaWXqrg5
try or install ubuntu187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0e8xs8VxOD
choose your language: english187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz6HM710xHS
accessibility in ubuntu: next187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeThtBWINTC
select your keyboard layout: english(US)187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡepxJ42Ozh9
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJFVFcdvPKb
install ubuntu187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ51yaXyeT61
interactive installation187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0AEXRVhSjV
extended selection187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRXhP1SS9Zc
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91KhAUDLiR
check: download and install support for additional media formats187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVCQLvSiZgI
erase disk and install ubuntu187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZC9cmAWqT
choose sdb187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwZUoCjISFk
your name: buda 187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMC4wTXDdx7
your computer's name: vultr187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlK8KY4CjKj
your username: buda 187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvoyQTQAFJ7
timezone: shanghai187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡch081HhABo
install187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡroRUFgcfwm
restart now187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRzzxfkm84w
拔出U盘, 按enter键
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg7iyRqfSxy
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡySvuWdd9b6
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PpuYGkTgl
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoTg7upylEU
# cd /usr/src/glibc187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLjb6tIOOev
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡruaMr7XkQK
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG9TXIKI8jI
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAFV1Zo4UNy
# usermod -a -G root buda187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRcYk5XmT6w
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC7TKQEE0PV
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzcGd1NcukX
apt show rethinkdb187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLP730eMY3n
apt remove rethinkdb187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RnjcyDxGG
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAmEcrjFIIs
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwnxKXk5te
sudo apt update
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBdLFb6ye9R
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQs13MPrh9v
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO1v1Cefmy1
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3bcjtoJd0
编辑配置文件187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUae5nPz5h
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9TXfE3q8Vu
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4SzvEv859c
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAkieo14Qv
patch:187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwOhecSuWg4
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Vp3ZIdgFb
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4GYEly350c
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡulWrHrpeMP
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRKGLtsDcYr
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrzPxgMlCHx
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsj97FTsatQ
--------------------------------------------------------------187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtNtRIvb015
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Eevq7Sei0
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Kr2gLLlt0
部署rime输入法：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡacy1S1fVHR
# ibus restart187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrozCtfVvy
# ibus engine rime187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxvbIdYzze9
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhlGkxBo2T
按shift键进行中英输入转换187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa8TyOaUSRD
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpUfSwJ9GUQ
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPV8LVVFRD5
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9dtiGXdK3D
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKhwUzcJPQ
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIxAsiTq2X3
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXr6MyTpSyY
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zke8dBayP
# cd ~/Downloads187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKP9rfdl7h
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv1MPbM1XqS
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa0KtzIFTzC
# node -v187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXIWlbypQuP
# npm install npm@latest -g187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRFMH55VcN0
# npm config get registry187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRIk7eQLZZd
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLGfETFNHm
如果想用回官方registry:187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTxOu0LJHjo
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl81hzoOZqs
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIP4Bb7wE0
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hWnijgyLD
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoQhP92opi4
# nvm install --lts187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgWqe8ctfR
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAKtiQodzA9
npm i package_name187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQjDqgbw3N1
项目更新187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnf6xfsNCg1
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5HnI06ma6d
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYODNyBSIvF
如果不存在，生成证书187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMqybi30ok
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qv5MCTJNY
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj3FnZUEjVR
将证书拷贝到服务器187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8SQRgnQNn6
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCtpdIMP5yG
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Oq9zv8P9a
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYrcjkSP3DV
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqaFQmAnI5q
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4DjXPgFHcu
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAp9aDjWNr
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO7m5pBhJ7o
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ACY5wRtW8
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8vGrNT62Kc
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCXVSCoGZlw
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiyO29DtGpK
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5pVlKmtAd
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzESOaoUkL
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaiqmmQ1U0b
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2RhPP1ehZz
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr96xD2dz6R
# ufw allow 22187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn3ahV4ftbx
# ufw allow 80187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyWj6c3H1x
# ufw allow 443187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ35BEj8IY4R
# ufw enable187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyGUPb8DLX6
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKpb40gotR
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4bARVP8R5b
# passwd root187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrIBanGzz2
# usermod -a -G groupA username187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc1mSsJ9rJp
# groups username
修改hostname187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0KaBzmfJwq
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtNwXL4yNwJ
# lscpu
查看内存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRSdXN1f4I
# free -h187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfh0pTlJVb
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Sx6hGjkdh
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAuF3qAUFmO
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSSCD3xVPr0
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyKwghojHwG
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVQddx2ecmn
用sudo执行：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKmhh8TOSx
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJIDKr9wYhB
查看硬盘187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9OM5C5XYHo
# sudo lshw -c disk187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeI6Nxr5txa
查看分区187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiT2SLhQYGy
# sudo fdisk -l187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNDtaxfPVrR
查看磁盘剩余空间187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuR5a4sgBj
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKClMhnwxe
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYmkTi2Wtjz
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYSe1EPXNND
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvKPhUdkoB9
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5XHBqyXXH0
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVS5SOS7lzx
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAyzpYBNXDs
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxzna6h50cG
g：所属组（group）。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ9hLGWjRkr
o：其他用户（others）。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgqE9HRR8lm
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrbCJgtDMod
操作符：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWCja5ca4x8
+：添加权限。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwYFt8PyNwE
-：移除权限。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTWBVY7GNZW
=：设置权限。187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpWYWMRnTSI
權限：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsxqFdyFuCL
r（读） = 4187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtAodvV9CGS
w（写） = 2187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsdD1DdHjR
x（执行） = 1187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLOO6wh97Z
-（无权限） = 0187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPY6dPC1bRd
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTxxcrax1p
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QOm5T3Wt0
5 = r-x（4 + 1）187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4XyCis9lx9
6 = rw-（4 + 2）187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2H5v0mfN0S
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZp1yAVnl17
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktxpZN5CGi
添加alias, 比如：187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZpMpmcSg6
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4s49t8q4P7
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmdLFAUvTVb
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxe1ElnAB71
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]187Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBO17o0QJwi
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns216.73.216.224da2
然後按「加至主畫面」