A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBth3QIdX5
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyw6UsoHiYA
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXbP962mPS1
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv615gylaFb
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTgV8wUfOkz
try or install ubuntu134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPdVsqpm4go
choose your language: english134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbQYEC3D5kR
accessibility in ubuntu: next134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtV3Qw9vH3w
select your keyboard layout: english(US)134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyWoxeKIr40
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwQY3FezEJ
install ubuntu134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelUBJlAb8v
interactive installation134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSIaFF560o3
extended selection134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9LDxSYJt4Z
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUAEm37RKW
check: download and install support for additional media formats134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCZ8WDLhA3
erase disk and install ubuntu134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFL5NDobd8
choose sdb134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5FRKYANw6B
your name: buda 134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZCkyyOjjME
your computer's name: vultr134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjmDD5eINO
your username: buda 134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtiCF4L05bl
timezone: shanghai134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxt7SAO2aT7
install134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6iQA6mdMPJ
restart now134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡduImBFVR5m
拔出U盘, 按enter键
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡidb2MTpDtL
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE2MdvQVtpl
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMiE5Ms8XG7
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFLQF1zJiIZ
# cd /usr/src/glibc134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTDosks805J
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmTD3GiWL4J
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0j0UTobes0
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxAmMDS8yYU
# usermod -a -G root buda134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdJzYRDuuFX
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGBEtGkuig3
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDB78VJH8W
apt show rethinkdb134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIn7YYODK1x
apt remove rethinkdb134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ06wT4TAUNH
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1EIRXnNoY3
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelDYtJMj5X
sudo apt update
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg80TbLdkHg
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZDLdLf6kM
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrIkpTqeTz1
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDUCzSbrBpK
编辑配置文件134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4hmA6U5NA
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmlGqSlYX6R
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwyRb9lBW0f
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPsFuIK6u8p
patch:134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXqFzBlKrKs
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmgFIeyGLs4
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrrk6f1udhN
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDYCYGw9q2
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Ulles0NsV
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMctVbbnkNy
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBFXGC1YAnu
--------------------------------------------------------------134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNmQC7hgft
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYjYwmXigaU
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRvFyPlbLyc
部署rime输入法：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡikf3y7Qc2l
# ibus restart134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡamyp3jSEZW
# ibus engine rime134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3Bn7pL06l
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEOasBgm4Gz
按shift键进行中英输入转换134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4J9g7IpGq
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgdK2AX6GpI
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMkMYCGrM5q
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT9j27cVP5j
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjMh7Ahriu
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWlXOPftw5m
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUolHf9AHKo
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmPL8LL1mmO
# cd ~/Downloads134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjzXtWBSoC3
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCI4aREUAvI
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbxkMDf0g6m
# node -v134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ48IKH0BALp
# npm install npm@latest -g134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXv4RsMTite
# npm config get registry134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmxXR4hiUA
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4JKJHUnu7d
如果想用回官方registry:134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ncN2hcFyS
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1wxizvAlK
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM6mRRptPtB
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGTIjDjIqLx
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4YlJ1rxiD
# nvm install --lts134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKwNyAQoym7
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPwo89D82W
npm i package_name134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3X1qXbnp3d
项目更新134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKowGL6pDF
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP9dAHWAOco
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjVojOBcVtA
如果不存在，生成证书134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2t3vI5T4Q
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeZs5QMzq26
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYBowtmhAy
将证书拷贝到服务器134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC6BQ3Ykxn0
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtxpqv6oKBq
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpQa7XGDw1C
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXRZXRmGlj
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnxJZBHhDr8
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG0fRNyII5t
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBmBeGVPbTy
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWAcEacTQ1Y
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAK8H63D8A0
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMM72MmHMzt
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjHZn61j8tW
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqPpBIiV5g
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9Q9sSPxQM
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlczsk6cdvt
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO0YwWgsMTf
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA1v1HKXTkS
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOf7ukPECeE
# ufw allow 22134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNAfKy0TTI
# ufw allow 80134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8QBR95ERgT
# ufw allow 443134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhRMwKxmmAh
# ufw enable134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE4xKvqdqez
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhHec0wY3I
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgqT84IZraH
# passwd root134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxpfcKRnEM4
# usermod -a -G groupA username134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡstdsXSo61f
# groups username
修改hostname134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzuG8xcRseC
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMICHZGkqZ
# lscpu
查看内存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmcNhNera0G
# free -h134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4YXBFXVCDn
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2iOZZxWSr
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCeC7yYM4po
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtzCqmN7Cc
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdi0o18kPn9
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KDKB33CR1
用sudo执行：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY2Gi8qPOPJ
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHKmHOgXeA
查看硬盘134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTo29sLJe7
# sudo lshw -c disk134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLA6ud2vAZ
查看分区134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTUJjxgXBQ
# sudo fdisk -l134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV6pEinKaqZ
查看磁盘剩余空间134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfx8tfooEEp
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbw92rmdz9L
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡezLje8ocqg
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTzfKHAQan
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAS7oDfIpqd
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCw4kwMuuM
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvWzHyqliM
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsCfHHHKzNX
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8WpLmAoGSH
g：所属组（group）。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz3TNmItTvV
o：其他用户（others）。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIesyXtth99
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ5LA7G2ibX
操作符：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbrQTHwS1LH
+：添加权限。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcohc015TdI
-：移除权限。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlNaSpepXsL
=：设置权限。134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ROVGcFfrM
權限：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFUObpbb7V
r（读） = 4134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwJzfykUO3j
w（写） = 2134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5AFN61MJF
x（执行） = 1134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuzBrITkRIz
-（无权限） = 0134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9paRxqjzbL
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWSjjGha0a
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4JwgxgtAdk
5 = r-x（4 + 1）134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ028zRF5YM1
6 = rw-（4 + 2）134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi8k8hdvGBn
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXdirI2SxrR
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdw35NsYswR
添加alias, 比如：134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9m1QmdAhEC
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLXNKsPhxa
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMGs58CWHkz
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp5Mn6EmWPB
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]134Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdCEPJhOERc
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns3.17.4.144da2
然後按「加至主畫面」