A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5H9Q67mrEu
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4XH992Gvm9
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylKeZsz6u1
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR4iEnov6Rt
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGiaN6wwTJV
try or install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCiPNFV91tg
choose your language: english122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu2Ik1JoJ5q
accessibility in ubuntu: next122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2BIQooSjg6
select your keyboard layout: english(US)122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCB5Gi2bbI5
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR86wezs0HX
install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnFX1VIYvBr
interactive installation122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUMZGLkvT5s
extended selection122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUiXltu10wc
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVkwWX9nwUD
check: download and install support for additional media formats122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3kK0gIPr3
erase disk and install ubuntu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡto1HoOaAZZ
choose sdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0bBCaPyxF
your name: buda 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQTYN0WaXFK
your computer's name: vultr122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡad4ofgmbn3
your username: buda 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmkbXGIuA3y
timezone: shanghai122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsojMyfFBO
install122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIqUNDA53MZ
restart now122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKgPVWASKc
拔出U盘, 按enter键
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl9g3MeNOk1
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfNKFUyNF6a
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQH5OjuEM2A
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjHhAgJ8mjV
# cd /usr/src/glibc122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZhF675kd9
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5SZGQypau
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cIL9Y1kWL
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFJY9KMVH23
# usermod -a -G root buda122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCojPIirXIi
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEQglvORCV
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXPCAplmc3
apt show rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMDXf23sxcz
apt remove rethinkdb122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0k91RxLYW3
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqOaWwGHpy4
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQkDaZSdsHe
sudo apt update
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUCHPTIblwf
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7S5HEx2Y87
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsTqG4OrF7
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57wgdsF79Z
编辑配置文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNOvm8xyfH
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAzOSx54TGX
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYpnv4SfoPk
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ736O2PadaD
patch:122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrdc6KdPTP5
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTzRh56l1I
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa5lFUDpA8h
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRLz1mPiyp
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF6aEWEm2Z3
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgR0vWiXMrJ
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡECuE02HFhf
--------------------------------------------------------------122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNV1odRTKA1
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkD4zDAqFav
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAeLGk3b5tu
部署rime输入法：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHxeHSYNTj
# ibus restart122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡczvo2R8EYk
# ibus engine rime122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIO80z3Rgzd
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIKGAAv8aEk
按shift键进行中英输入转换122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ79MfSWAroU
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm03COw7W1k
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Am7KxuqGZ
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdKJSUgRswE
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg5Hvn5EWSw
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfths7Wuv16
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmOGaW8iWe
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQccEtIDabA
# cd ~/Downloads122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTV13w4xUNN
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh21BISEBgp
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwuDuEulaNB
# node -v122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwNyCfSiQP
# npm install npm@latest -g122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡccQxFxF7D7
# npm config get registry122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7xTF5eLdb
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ55FMUTYPM0
如果想用回官方registry:122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtIiRAmevLK
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaNMYW2IOKs
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSj0y9o7mn6
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVSAx5jgV63
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jSXrzja1g
# nvm install --lts122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcSlMBS9TrC
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD2UE33tGp3
npm i package_name122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBl0MtqgQUy
项目更新122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ddKy8L3vv
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEfKvmBg2w9
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxeHwXi8YJQ
如果不存在，生成证书122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCRAsR2d5pB
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMgBlPc3Iu
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0RaLe4D6W
将证书拷贝到服务器122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6tPBY15uPs
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBOeQudBoy
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxhPD9suU6N
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGhKzTeltY
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy6eg7JHi4z
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfQEBPxaO4
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfa5oozFB8S
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqb30UnbNS
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLDDxR42UG
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWB6mXsehS
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9WZTKtXwEj
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7q7cuL6RQ2
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGaLarHcaqF
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9D8TDPx5S0
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA2378y0H4d
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEGKYHIuIX
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3w3h4BIvRS
# ufw allow 22122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡspnbp98Wyg
# ufw allow 80122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdIP0an4QT8
# ufw allow 443122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzEVNR1qRPv
# ufw enable122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi3i5ZVswcN
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ecmuGh57z
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIT7PNMRB3c
# passwd root122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoTBlrn2G5q
# usermod -a -G groupA username122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqHXibdCTm7
# groups username
修改hostname122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYo7pz48ScJ
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVc4gM3qPv
# lscpu
查看内存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfQpX6Z5TW5
# free -h122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiVrBV3c9r3
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0umNAgb8O4
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6QLihai4iw
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWXy7BW5sX
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBhTawq2kV
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnrahvDWtnN
用sudo执行：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieOHXbMGY5
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq4x7fvosXD
查看硬盘122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ40rN0PQYP9
# sudo lshw -c disk122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdcEGATMNx
查看分区122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrP9uSyN0J
# sudo fdisk -l122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6B5RRTIv8W
查看磁盘剩余空间122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ818L8OnrYk
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxpD7ynT9uL
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVWVuXkeOv
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrbnX0I4mhI
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHVxAACllmQ
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsFgmCaPHf1
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVvCE5cNbV5
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡonLKGPrOin
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Wyo7z3ixl
g：所属组（group）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodi4Pt2OET
o：其他用户（others）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVATdMjVjs0
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyfWSs01hp
操作符：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi0ZCBmdUlD
+：添加权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyMWCxd0Wz
-：移除权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpwgs2eywpz
=：设置权限。122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmQU0Zk95j3
權限：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjE2B12pBP9
r（读） = 4122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsrQXhO1rVu
w（写） = 2122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZWxwLaKd4F
x（执行） = 1122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdbNaE912da
-（无权限） = 0122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVymOWonWcx
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3mv0aNaRS
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB52SpKfXqr
5 = r-x（4 + 1）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRL22vN2G6G
6 = rw-（4 + 2）122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRa40j5zFpa
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvOo7Ctxk4
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYmO5YZCRQ
添加alias, 比如：122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDRpz76X58H
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLaZFUT08VU
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJhQb9s3coa
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAqbpYr7kD
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]122Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgiFwiPVTn
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns3.128.153.31da2
然後按「加至主畫面」