A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTZRU0wfQeU
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4UXArgQKiA
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkpIGeytXPH
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp4dySsr2bj
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYeBoZQbB4Q
try or install ubuntu236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzY1agJSoo2
choose your language: english236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBa6skfsoY
accessibility in ubuntu: next236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDlyVV4sss
select your keyboard layout: english(US)236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPqE1a06LI7
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkdAeZ5IX1x
install ubuntu236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GTOGiI8N7
interactive installation236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV6eHShttb5
extended selection236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqL8s6K97qr
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWLRlEGZ9m
check: download and install support for additional media formats236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK07bq6f50a
erase disk and install ubuntu236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEVgk1GWFy4
choose sdb236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3c6T8OcE7X
your name: buda 236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuYVsuPSvEB
your computer's name: vultr236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzNR9qhscbE
your username: buda 236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0XhH6JAP3L
timezone: shanghai236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡePkb9BrdED
install236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ZrmJtKbWH
restart now236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡttACh6p38i
拔出U盘, 按enter键
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3tqb3uUA5
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSG4LqrfPDD
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUhO9MfMVu
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0YpwCusjw
# cd /usr/src/glibc236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxL93B97XVZ
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG8yyJQOOAF
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyptryKiisl
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJRz0Cd9pP
# usermod -a -G root buda236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9XES603RQn
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKNvQIVncD
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJXXvROm85Y
apt show rethinkdb236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFElSQBHt4
apt remove rethinkdb236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiHgRtf3Mk6
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LkLUPYI3Y
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtyOyX9bJ4Y
sudo apt update
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTxOG8KIiz
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOkimD2ra0O
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkADpxn8gLG
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyAtTshHVvz
编辑配置文件236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnR21VqLgNz
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6jjjvgexWg
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIkRejbV17O
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPjGY9F2Ofq
patch:236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0oRQBmjZJ
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4XivjJYNcX
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡis63hYSWsE
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO5ljBmlpRm
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknzQCPc2MR
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxf18RnrzyW
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFqV2VoM6p3
--------------------------------------------------------------236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6s9a0et5LN
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHtbaHUzOi0
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKJRKw8Tpds
部署rime输入法：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5oeP2y3iY
# ibus restart236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5MYQVInAQO
# ibus engine rime236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxujmxTd6ws
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWxL1InhNMH
按shift键进行中英输入转换236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwbW5PZ7qP4
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Ly8LTKCWC
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSg7n2Ut621
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXEZAJkumap
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH9F1r2Fuhf
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXzK5mQ4n2x
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyJPvwVVbC7
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9asHGiu24R
# cd ~/Downloads236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhx9aeABQwN
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOi8EfOwrAx
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOs05p5Zq3u
# node -v236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DxH0EdVKD
# npm install npm@latest -g236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj5DtZCZnDL
# npm config get registry236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp1G0buqZmS
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSUZAtkUaE
如果想用回官方registry:236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsMz6D5Xph
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76CUrvGiM2
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡonAVSwqSwo
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRgazMV5W1
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDlnPbv6adK
# nvm install --lts236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLzRwvVYIu6
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgW2zKYBxUJ
npm i package_name236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgzntndiwf1
项目更新236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIbEjyGFOvD
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Nr2JNVDUx
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY74SM29usR
如果不存在，生成证书236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUnnxzoSI03
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4UdrvQd7b6
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5cDcgqVKTi
将证书拷贝到服务器236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXKYiEhNhi
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5cTfrxvkpP
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHYNlw50kLt
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKiyOzEKAX9
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJRXSiRyXi
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8pc2IIGJN8
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQfvO0VbiZq
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVUwNea06aU
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIF0vwv4YDS
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGn1gBO31g1
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GUJfUR96q
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhUxbz8dxE
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbbZC2EMXs7
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6TgwLJIO84
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyushhl5ZgZ
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfaqzGSNAO
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLBCobLttRt
# ufw allow 22236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgezQAtP9Tq
# ufw allow 80236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3tw92wafZg
# ufw allow 443236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡayxigVDOJi
# ufw enable236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2Av12cOZA
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeR9IEFXnrA
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYFc2Q5vpm
# passwd root236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemfTr4I8db
# usermod -a -G groupA username236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qroeP4P2K
# groups username
修改hostname236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVi2jEQ4VK
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWMm4nOmaew
# lscpu
查看内存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqWQN70d0T0
# free -h236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2D4MLFv4sl
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZog7vSoDM2
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBw5blWfK9
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbDrV1actE
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQYdBALfOMA
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBTCYCFBZZ
用sudo执行：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy1TpmvQgaj
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3O8lbxDvMr
查看硬盘236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe5bwywcowd
# sudo lshw -c disk236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTQ9VoQQT73
查看分区236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT0sQ3fsWhA
# sudo fdisk -l236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNZgnBnAV0n
查看磁盘剩余空间236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoOx1rr0lYP
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDFdXv763g6
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS5ETxtcoNn
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx5lqzPml66
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLZ51gnbHT
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw4VdE1hyAH
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd7Hb6UcFJl
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuSW40QMmtF
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpAKsL4WS0
g：所属组（group）。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhIznWD8vUo
o：其他用户（others）。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyE1nOGyPPH
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOX7R9APZy
操作符：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG21ZygHcg6
+：添加权限。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Pvh7XUBqu
-：移除权限。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhImRPaTQm
=：设置权限。236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF6KndLNyN7
權限：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLPkAQgB3A
r（读） = 4236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpr95qBoN7
w（写） = 2236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYI02Q4MBl
x（执行） = 1236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLJiiVHRBp
-（无权限） = 0236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhirbIhcpO
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7NHG8cd3XB
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgURrv4dZD
5 = r-x（4 + 1）236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRiEDDGvO5Q
6 = rw-（4 + 2）236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqCljOtyPIr
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡStjogc4jVV
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6odN3Tckda
添加alias, 比如：236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyT6byPMndH
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUNvjsRa9x
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrjAnohLS5k
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8TsfctJLOO
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]236Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN7UtkY4QO4
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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