A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxo6PSlDM4Z
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo4fALR1CMj
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbSL5hnPSb
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxgjl7L4kkC
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZOOZG69z1
try or install ubuntu133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsqOglYKVy
choose your language: english133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4oci7J7cX
accessibility in ubuntu: next133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKcnO7MXCWd
select your keyboard layout: english(US)133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8uarKQkcE8
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdE5j6ydXAG
install ubuntu133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlgjBlvJkSo
interactive installation133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG8sKAnCKGJ
extended selection133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡduHzuCuaKi
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyyYIRmFYvX
check: download and install support for additional media formats133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2mCNFgbWOv
erase disk and install ubuntu133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWLs0AcfEHC
choose sdb133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Sfxka1fEc
your name: buda 133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsP0zxSDlDn
your computer's name: vultr133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8p8zq4RVXQ
your username: buda 133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC1T2CZOW2v
timezone: shanghai133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOsGGYAIu10
install133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk2C0nplvrQ
restart now133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UJTcNfduf
拔出U盘, 按enter键
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNf29RUtM0J
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBb2rH7wYCv
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKnNrv4m8Ky
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMhWcpD8MF
# cd /usr/src/glibc133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjMCgUvCxY9
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFNVLtnNfT9
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfocXV7fOH
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzZEwHkA5Em
# usermod -a -G root buda133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHEJdXRzMIi
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SZ1jsIAhL
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSbFVUQjzSi
apt show rethinkdb133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKk2Thnd99
apt remove rethinkdb133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68Oash3BiJ
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiydGRQoys
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhyUR5VxDij
sudo apt update
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzHbh9zhIEr
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8AeNpzuuF2
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNOvSClMKoR
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs4DV6AQBlo
编辑配置文件133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQREk5YRBkW
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5PN2cnvdDv
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTTJ096yUKx
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGh2wB3lCT
patch:133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAyIu0xAJVz
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqx84xcaVtz
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5K8o7I2Jgz
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyMEEG56xXx
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoJOt7SS8ma
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlfOx2o0oLw
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkiVYlFccaK
--------------------------------------------------------------133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYegLVh45f5
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡapVbN1NPaQ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ573WhdaCBx
部署rime输入法：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4lnKjncaAl
# ibus restart133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf8xBNjullt
# ibus engine rime133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNp4inYu0zW
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzeRcjgLEOM
按shift键进行中英输入转换133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRTiaWM3YL6
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb2pe0SVlQR
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn6CB03KoHV
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrGf1xNUY6O
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7dXlqjDMf1
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6GUhEIkTe
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2xIGg50zx
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkFRY97pFgF
# cd ~/Downloads133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPgwjlxiqE
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK1BTV72kjT
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAKUQseEN3x
# node -v133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVfbNkTyuIQ
# npm install npm@latest -g133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjnYVEvMqe
# npm config get registry133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfGBDsIiJn
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2wEywT5u0s
如果想用回官方registry:133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNRkps4YZMz
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjt6LAY72pc
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmcr6pLRVh
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3u2kJ5gm27
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRyTa9ZnKK
# nvm install --lts133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzu0uVKUQf
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF1dLe7Gkxp
npm i package_name133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqYhafAb8Np
项目更新133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6D0FKoSOIk
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtPntE6GGq
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8Ai1Sp6lT
如果不存在，生成证书133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokeAh81DqX
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRxVekBFrHk
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0X18qS32S
将证书拷贝到服务器133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckEBSU85N1
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSfqlrQCyu
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0k5hbB7GJD
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ35gRb9fB7o
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqBIWGZ05ff
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzaWYAY8DPk
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ29t6uzEOTH
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6ZMeps5ZX
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMnRAjb3s1
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ93S5hLgwc6
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWcvl9ev7SW
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfM27JVuwzD
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaKanjqhNek
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvYiBPJvuT0
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCaEweCxuz
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT5WV0PqKsU
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc4L4kJWnOI
# ufw allow 22133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpQSV5BoG2S
# ufw allow 80133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTPTTHjA69
# ufw allow 443133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrn41bsXnIX
# ufw enable133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4R1Ovmcd4
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj3hgg9wvOq
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPkGpvilxLN
# passwd root133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1RfoVLvDw
# usermod -a -G groupA username133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOi3vwrED2W
# groups username
修改hostname133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy7qkK1wdx4
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡau2rfEG64o
# lscpu
查看内存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3o4i0zNeq6
# free -h133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xKo9wq0Au
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ94MDW3TzMm
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJsw6jYzbUi
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMPEJ7FwwV2
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡey5EcNxhQ6
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAE4kYPLLCE
用sudo执行：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5IvXD43oLg
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBesCQqwfbj
查看硬盘133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWudM9mTg8q
# sudo lshw -c disk133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTT2mOpe6eO
查看分区133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWOGNK4XjU
# sudo fdisk -l133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQi6dlq0Uik
查看磁盘剩余空间133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotHYNVIeb2
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZUoDr9eQkx
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6avzJUKM3C
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA2npjS4kvJ
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrzKcBbptJG
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡezTPYZILYX
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYUgxpu04HT
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtr1eH4Gw3b
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDljlODhy6g
g：所属组（group）。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT9vmitVgl3
o：其他用户（others）。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPuoxW5BI0
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYEqc4osDgA
操作符：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs13knQPoWp
+：添加权限。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdnB1Xmcdik
-：移除权限。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHj1NehGSi7
=：设置权限。133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAynOTtPLA
權限：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlbt2yO7h5B
r（读） = 4133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2Wx88YKfm
w（写） = 2133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkBfPzozxFv
x（执行） = 1133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOi42W6bmfO
-（无权限） = 0133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZFTUncxj0
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOwcVdZRqpx
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMQeMOJgj2
5 = r-x（4 + 1）133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJshfwSHPi1
6 = rw-（4 + 2）133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtLfLQTXpe
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAAJUnaYpxx
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQmK1kcZX2
添加alias, 比如：133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCtEIvYjk8j
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgvCkhmWQ1h
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO3FRrBy0ZH
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ16aHNlZWCT
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]133Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEubjrsdqin
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns3.141.12.150da2
然後按「加至主畫面」