A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9PWxTU2JPn
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHsMPoGKS2m
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLXJWsbAku2
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cOmxEmZU7
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQj52wdAAMY
try or install ubuntu183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ572VNW4Hlw
choose your language: english183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTgTxZ5Gw0M
accessibility in ubuntu: next183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIpTYiVEEhw
select your keyboard layout: english(US)183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6h3s8wqsy2
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAeUWZ3vQvR
install ubuntu183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHzTYj3l40w
interactive installation183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0LHrOHyhe4
extended selection183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9JIwcbiCZr
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr11mcraFdX
check: download and install support for additional media formats183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCPHgf0W9x
erase disk and install ubuntu183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz7uP4slb7e
choose sdb183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cnrL4RdMI
your name: buda 183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeFZ947GFGo
your computer's name: vultr183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqIFTPxXpxQ
your username: buda 183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdEAwKMGVW2
timezone: shanghai183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNoxWnNEuHI
install183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsWuAQiEvg
restart now183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡycmOBS3zNo
拔出U盘, 按enter键
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFgnzUjXN9E
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefKR2y605i
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWb4WKHpo1G
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmtteSynmSA
# cd /usr/src/glibc183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡifnuBEt3rM
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuubbdetdnU
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHrZWzotN4
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokFYnmTrqm
# usermod -a -G root buda183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7vbL5nCOQs
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWjej6Ub5Q
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHAKBIi8nPS
apt show rethinkdb183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0yKVL32Z3Z
apt remove rethinkdb183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLFLe8dfvuS
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEbuXG47Fao
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqAQZvKWNNU
sudo apt update
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdlXPDYOs08
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzzGbgbsWwR
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFUeoUET9Ww
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJcPxuvq8y
编辑配置文件183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnckoGY8QHq
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWzhyZNMgB
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbIgx6A50Y
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLRjYQ8Ije
patch:183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkQxWz1MnuF
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcWQlukZaQK
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfZ3PohzaY
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZiWxAnCd3
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRliainxxSZ
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8bnbov974e
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68pwHFPJ18
--------------------------------------------------------------183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiqSAxcP0kn
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQpzl95Gfy
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ53F4zZRidN
部署rime输入法：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuWjUCey229
# ibus restart183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpyJh3pvTG
# ibus engine rime183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSycvk4Do9G
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0MzkC9dge
按shift键进行中英输入转换183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz1idMSICt0
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUQsoPdikhq
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYC3EVSMI1d
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ13y42ewINa
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2AaZjsHkZe
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6gLHGZJDLY
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSSDt1jKp4W
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvIXFr5Wfz
# cd ~/Downloads183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWbnmc6L0i
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJRoHeQdw2O
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTcOz9VEnaf
# node -v183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXoFCpQVl1
# npm install npm@latest -g183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70lC9yml4n
# npm config get registry183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbGcRmeIVhs
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuXYBEh4hDZ
如果想用回官方registry:183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXlPoB7jfT
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiiOxMzEv2v
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGsHBn47nkq
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCfZxLch94
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDYngmjtzLl
# nvm install --lts183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGpHXXSnZNm
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOC7sm5uCWo
npm i package_name183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGdauJjWiKD
项目更新183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnKJAiJuXeX
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhHuXFvQm9p
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡumoSTvjs0I
如果不存在，生成证书183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsuqIlxuZ0f
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUyNkGRF3jV
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7OFEyZEDHr
将证书拷贝到服务器183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6I75xwAzI
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNXUEuhIW3
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjOHKF2WDR
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIy43UxrWDc
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCWivN9KcIk
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSeHmdhq6Gx
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkgHQ8iwqAb
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1AcwBNmYr
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMD1z0li4R
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLQqhW94pYR
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrgPqdz3OUH
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw8dyLvswz9
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfZ92QNkoFQ
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0cjuPDOQ9t
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zUN4yOYk9
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8ZEmH7xIX
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2KERaLhJc
# ufw allow 22183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdlzzHgCj8
# ufw allow 80183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJCmkejE0Pq
# ufw allow 443183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFm5YxzMjxq
# ufw enable183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk2Y9K0aQCJ
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd3v2C7M6zi
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyO2EifXofp
# passwd root183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8SZ6TxjIQ
# usermod -a -G groupA username183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGekJyEf5JI
# groups username
修改hostname183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyqb4kUaWH2
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRo5b2HkuLs
# lscpu
查看内存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKp7MTmu4gY
# free -h183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlkRsp6tawo
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGVrdwiQHD
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlysZGrxb76
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJPqBfY4bx
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBNaJYfVWI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRS66knHPKn
用sudo执行：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0n6feeC5P
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdaEFFNbHj7
查看硬盘183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1nTdHtfSyB
# sudo lshw -c disk183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJ7rAzVjwS
查看分区183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8piC6Bmxi
# sudo fdisk -l183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbJ3XHq0uS
查看磁盘剩余空间183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYJ9bk4wleM
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ8pixlvrhe
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOpDM88d7n
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIv17I0L80j
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP40XsdHvyz
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYxcxK2bhYz
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiYey7xzQKl
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qPSPXqO00
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJVH3tcQWV
g：所属组（group）。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡElxT09tYih
o：其他用户（others）。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwRfqyJGCjn
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hBMrPMtkd
操作符：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84t2NtQwvs
+：添加权限。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnT0q0bzf1a
-：移除权限。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlSb9osnjky
=：设置权限。183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsyNP7rUmZT
權限：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4S9mu69ZSY
r（读） = 4183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC8KhgU9lS7
w（写） = 2183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2wnqn2XRZO
x（执行） = 1183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCyX5wx1N2D
-（无权限） = 0183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs2ZLnIhF3q
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Qp2W4Jhlc
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ25HCzes20Z
5 = r-x（4 + 1）183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbinZAudlZP
6 = rw-（4 + 2）183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuoXyHAm1RZ
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAVkDErWuCZ
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhOt9NCWRIn
添加alias, 比如：183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHFxNXH9VCb
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡre09AeqQI2
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4vnjz3bidZ
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ2WDMcvFDx
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]183Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIGCXY1Z6ZN
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns216.73.216.224da2
然後按「加至主畫面」