A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7b6zLubOQc
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKxKGdJ7hcC
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzudXuYBQ6l
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTzR91lD1sM
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsl6bBCuelg
try or install ubuntu214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqsuhSjVT3d
choose your language: english214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOaLkTc0T85
accessibility in ubuntu: next214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgYf63887Bk
select your keyboard layout: english(US)214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTT9qjB8P3G
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWJ4I5BGhn
install ubuntu214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZOmvThHVpj
interactive installation214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvecxBRqswT
extended selection214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlgqD7RINOK
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaxSAMXl2bO
check: download and install support for additional media formats214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVj8Rsqv9n
erase disk and install ubuntu214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcSouo28gli
choose sdb214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhIdpeUEzbI
your name: buda 214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2agK6XcrNB
your computer's name: vultr214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXDrnjzWYjB
your username: buda 214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAn5VbJSQdK
timezone: shanghai214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2gU2VE6fRM
install214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcy4GfwvjFh
restart now214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmdCBPIJ4v9
拔出U盘, 按enter键
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUc3AwKwHGN
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoBQbBOsTWj
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw2cHcFQhRP
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuJIhiREzJ
# cd /usr/src/glibc214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4p4ywYa8o6
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6eR8pKjCr
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqCFIvFzz08
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQNGnj0gjL
# usermod -a -G root buda214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL9KCcgYevc
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyAFLeNkr9X
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gWIyNRfax
apt show rethinkdb214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnYko0JZcv5
apt remove rethinkdb214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQkOI2fHdih
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGh3ohO81A
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFO2Br4yGQ
sudo apt update
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR2hRwNDbMJ
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJKGHSo03n6
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1b7vWbS5V
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS3baXhk6UI
编辑配置文件214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxtuCTpAh4
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfuwMJ9MM4
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTi9isaMHS
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPr8AF2Ki69
patch:214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNK8bnO5CCx
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgV1r9ijMkk
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpFKofXx3U
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3Eog6Snz3
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPgmtARjnQW
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR8obpSM8Q6
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡld101rgPNn
--------------------------------------------------------------214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1LlhMT7nI
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7PdAdEJaX3
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ7wWQ2Krqr
部署rime输入法：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡza52u6FMPN
# ibus restart214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMoLjxqEEu
# ibus engine rime214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNncsgJYhim
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf7jLM9Zc0d
按shift键进行中英输入转换214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu9AaNKb3u5
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxXIEdg1kd
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwWGjUIq1kM
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5aPdKfj7OV
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm043EM91bx
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7jz4ZG65L3
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Y4Fxc3Nrq
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXugp9sgdw3
# cd ~/Downloads214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSB4xyy9uQ
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCdNC5YVYny
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFwuoRWBJxO
# node -v214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6N6JTjEVKJ
# npm install npm@latest -g214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm6R7PSIxjf
# npm config get registry214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSAb3LsBRl
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZHewGK67r
如果想用回官方registry:214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphiXe5rHpC
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX6uSmhSxrd
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNzXffaccgg
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBx5oPSDVFz
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMZfwrOCULr
# nvm install --lts214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCgpKAxQpkj
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnWKB732PMc
npm i package_name214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Gbgscz3bY
项目更新214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFve0D0nEZ
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9QBZUDrAhB
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LPzRdYbRj
如果不存在，生成证书214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHXO7Uy3BNZ
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0qPsnlQ4jZ
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd5ZU8ON6br
将证书拷贝到服务器214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9DcuX1zHY
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwJkptUSsI0
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbuQv6mhAcE
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpZLkfjHMF
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtVJEqZRWZQ
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡORr5U2ioyn
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7sAGunj0uP
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtf0lCCwIKz
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGNIH952Z08
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9zQUVaPjW
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJCJvQRsrT
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZaJmkH3ECk
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6sNkUphC6Y
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHYPuPQ7ton
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Voa6qXVv4
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS7i13H6Mrd
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmtA4cd0o2Q
# ufw allow 22214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOV9W6lbsmf
# ufw allow 80214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDH0LzpBqn
# ufw allow 443214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdgKN1RA6n
# ufw enable214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XyKo7P19n
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIlWM2QaKzQ
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsLhpcEEdhl
# passwd root214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRTwwYWmZ0I
# usermod -a -G groupA username214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡULQoM7lVj2
# groups username
修改hostname214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuo3q2Z3ZAL
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkcBPyLyKXD
# lscpu
查看内存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVmNwzJ4DEF
# free -h214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTTNa488z3
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8g7vm5tO9
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlScbhzZfuz
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGpCq5VO2T
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxNSKRveNkp
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡurhHUPdDqC
用sudo执行：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR0n8q66UYV
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVjspuuGZT
查看硬盘214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5RFAwkeUu
# sudo lshw -c disk214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ37bUwDDJrr
查看分区214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuooDsiEFay
# sudo fdisk -l214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY3oSSRZU1K
查看磁盘剩余空间214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8Pslgkt3H
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEPQRCAHOFK
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8xVbuiV56K
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0jOAcyTwz
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTMYkICeC1t
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH7pjWdCW33
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAe8ILnADjp
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ9P2PAznzr
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuDuObGxw1
g：所属组（group）。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTdWLNgnImG
o：其他用户（others）。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ss2kgEFiV
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGxBudMqME3
操作符：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdjuP8tutiZ
+：添加权限。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTvg9DrYpD3
-：移除权限。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJawfjqcKiA
=：设置权限。214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxSWyVCetu1
權限：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmHMLFenuc0
r（读） = 4214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbfGx52ywpl
w（写） = 2214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SaoyWhRac
x（执行） = 1214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlu2jxlfZbQ
-（无权限） = 0214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM8e8OuoAd6
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡILcUtZTuIu
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTsrU3f2TN
5 = r-x（4 + 1）214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdJLUp4SEqb
6 = rw-（4 + 2）214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXeTxOKcPsK
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGgthgiR2uR
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9OhW8q45ds
添加alias, 比如：214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡno1sCU0GCl
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvv4fOtDQD
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIv9Nfrzvt1
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9j0773l5NQ
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]214Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjd6qLjAIRI
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns216.73.216.113da2
然後按「加至主畫面」