A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOGupAl7mct
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJHu0MuC33
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGjvvu2cbCm
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSXLD5xgPZS
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUBsZQvai04
try or install ubuntu161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjIOq3XNUwu
choose your language: english161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQx74dRGgAy
accessibility in ubuntu: next161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxk779lm3Ae
select your keyboard layout: english(US)161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVkCarZn8qO
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqH2YKl0IvS
install ubuntu161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7Q0XxveSd
interactive installation161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZ2dva6gEE
extended selection161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1VI6FD0nH3
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3g1eBmH7Z4
check: download and install support for additional media formats161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8VGZjbdMlI
erase disk and install ubuntu161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaikeqFDEvx
choose sdb161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYmn23o4E7l
your name: buda 161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVMDbSpAeP
your computer's name: vultr161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ18NhxmgUt
your username: buda 161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSIiIVgx9gb
timezone: shanghai161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2I3jE0rqDj
install161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO1ZKEbqwnP
restart now161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiGxGozohoC
拔出U盘, 按enter键
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAn4UrihME6
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwsJfMFS4Ml
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlBjlSk7bks
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrQGyd0jWa
# cd /usr/src/glibc161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6F8m0r1UpH
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLfWL5TzqX
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnbKl0yO1o4
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQN6u62HjvM
# usermod -a -G root buda161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0D3U2rIFxD
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzQmGucVUS
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNpnke3M7uR
apt show rethinkdb161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtyyafYD3jG
apt remove rethinkdb161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ40S52rO51Q
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqsE5eDIwq
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM3F5QJPB2E
sudo apt update
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvtxeiSkkQu
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQAxZTeS00q
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ50ZRJJ5KgD
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZlGlLfTS9
编辑配置文件161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwfgxT5h2o9
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqwGfSS1fZ0
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIfFN19o6cv
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxp2pQgSlgO
patch:161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeG4VbvR1PJ
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76MhMPMTxV
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfK4zjMONkg
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEd1Ain7pTn
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2SmBs822x
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCiNEVgJUN
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8xMuA8jRA
--------------------------------------------------------------161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvmbztIeEw
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMFkPN8EMl
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvbAbLXsXTe
部署rime输入法：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4hrrkVSbI
# ibus restart161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSD5VBKS7gT
# ibus engine rime161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6S4tffx7wn
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkfuIONGfa
按shift键进行中英输入转换161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsrxCoOQfKZ
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSkzv1OYM6k
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPH6Hvq6B6P
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ44VabbuP3G
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqrMLrTJPTa
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZUJcY50of
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Da92BTpNj
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77JjVmS3p0
# cd ~/Downloads161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfIQ8qWL1Gs
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWvs2vyVdNk
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGjrS2Ekxc
# node -v161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV0nOtb0nED
# npm install npm@latest -g161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrjLY3IBCvM
# npm config get registry161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbz0acep3oU
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNeh6XcjKdM
如果想用回官方registry:161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO03ObIsUab
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcWD2wi3s7K
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2AEkHYiSJp
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGaclykZyTT
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpU7eYBwWm
# nvm install --lts161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR1ufikAlTg
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7A3Pha89le
npm i package_name161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknMQf7xhNd
项目更新161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRmOqtfiBP9
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3tXhDX7Ea
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qmrzCOB1k
如果不存在，生成证书161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LlV9h0Qzh
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnaaALcTf8C
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSsjq42PPJQ
将证书拷贝到服务器161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDAprRquoq
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY5KDh7VatG
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIxpBbVMsW
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhdBAi29ttp
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmEnqMkZumq
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa4Jwd6U3ZQ
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAB5WzF3YtA
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKaPsQWaIX2
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9zr85vwmW6
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdfwtnwOIZ6
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaXQmb2BZXf
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMmzsFoViuU
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMG6nywGFc
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ7HUbwU2CZ
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHLymdQifOa
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzeSa4w5unI
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHOQw46D16
# ufw allow 22161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2wb8msOiu0
# ufw allow 80161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡePRW2rZjrT
# ufw allow 443161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5HeiiUVJv1
# ufw enable161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWnH3EQDjJB
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ79gbIoPnib
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFPzXnuGNt
# passwd root161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVJP3YwDlAL
# usermod -a -G groupA username161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBDPtH9BwA
# groups username
修改hostname161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTluizsOnqK
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ59i7JLnAyt
# lscpu
查看内存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJs80rdaj2g
# free -h161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFt6xtpaO5Q
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOXD7HjndHi
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYU8QwBmVy
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN2b6DRL6wT
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiX90Changt
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMs4zmZnyuw
用sudo执行：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0TZYh4MQJ
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBcBVfDDHO
查看硬盘161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkoBPBTD1My
# sudo lshw -c disk161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKLzfaMbPk
查看分区161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFW8pc9oOQg
# sudo fdisk -l161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2j3nny2zw
查看磁盘剩余空间161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡibhU1tfFtO
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjp5xKdPSHp
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCTnpTlDONw
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2bxVn0rbFw
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqg1GefNnO0
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbjT1el9DEx
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNXLMwAIuWf
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbkoC8jbvbm
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhTxywpzzy
g：所属组（group）。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNkelWV5PQk
o：其他用户（others）。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9q6yxbfQrL
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiPYr8T5LG
操作符：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6KWtS83W3W
+：添加权限。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTxosNXIosk
-：移除权限。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN59wOF8B04
=：设置权限。161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBMBzlJ5Krt
權限：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3j4wBfQb2
r（读） = 4161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbimnv1TeeB
w（写） = 2161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ78HiFRH7W1
x（执行） = 1161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOB1FqxwgwS
-（无权限） = 0161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE9dvyrhLie
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGrG3Znnf57
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkNA9ZBNQ7
5 = r-x（4 + 1）161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdJMv7kMhx3
6 = rw-（4 + 2）161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gZb6UUMTw
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5jSLHl5oaT
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqwxCDxcXAB
添加alias, 比如：161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqygx10cm2
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjrQMcN1g8
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYoqObrAwrG
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQjErVsaG5
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPP3IJpmdJ3
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns216.73.216.179da2
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