A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RIZgWTqMo
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBZB3D4zGz8
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8nxAyoZrHa
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIi1dXYUXTZ
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ySEyhqi88
try or install ubuntu152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2PJhWGcYno
choose your language: english152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb5CLtCDO2X
accessibility in ubuntu: next152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdMST1K33Wf
select your keyboard layout: english(US)152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSoxKv5ymaO
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm6VaJEmfx9
install ubuntu152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN9tkMNULUv
interactive installation152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEcklBUxhcI
extended selection152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ZplLm1cJC
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSLMgqvGP7
check: download and install support for additional media formats152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWlZXbtKqh
erase disk and install ubuntu152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlFb9SEMtLu
choose sdb152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEbuNt1ChUN
your name: buda 152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf6VjanPo07
your computer's name: vultr152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡApP3ngdxPb
your username: buda 152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡepf6BE3TCx
timezone: shanghai152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ewxliHyES
install152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkn7exLB7Tp
restart now152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdUIFMI7izp
拔出U盘, 按enter键
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt0D9idoKpu
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3M9fR59qms
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8rVJdv8XU
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8Q9dR6gqo
# cd /usr/src/glibc152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL1M3bcLO2z
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2K3TlzEdTk
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTCId36al9I
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdf9Yx2KPsN
# usermod -a -G root buda152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUTG8PCW9b1
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQQWb8E4LF
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡByO2Nb7OCF
apt show rethinkdb152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRnuqfzYkU
apt remove rethinkdb152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlseC6doNvT
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhyuymGTQ9
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10kDfgf25a
sudo apt update
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4rKsZ4ELqO
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIh9YUtnVU0
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡImaUqLrsIu
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMwjsXn4pD
编辑配置文件152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6PVuBwxkXa
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡooa5bj9YqO
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhA2zPoqU1
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4yt6mWzrko
patch:152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9o1QxAcZPH
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡang7o7pyRO
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHcr4ssmKo
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKw2xSYStnA
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLvzwThfbE
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxOHsTJIR2Q
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57SIsbIWNc
--------------------------------------------------------------152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXldbzoRboL
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbOQKcVORp
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6R2H6MfHu2
部署rime输入法：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgJaD591tq4
# ibus restart152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbz1RY02kYf
# ibus engine rime152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLELyKlj3xN
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQytI5hDwpg
按shift键进行中英输入转换152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlynpJpPUai
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkd0HR553Io
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvJ2aZg4C7Z
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS5L2TVlCkn
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbIHxxjzJXT
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmuB0D5w0A
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvQL2V5pz3O
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwFjJycLdVR
# cd ~/Downloads152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxsDjW5iiFE
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡptxZP8Wvc2
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPTqMm7lNID
# node -v152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJkhiRGfRfx
# npm install npm@latest -g152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqGqHQuiobz
# npm config get registry152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIsYQo1aLB3
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAw50hihHzT
如果想用回官方registry:152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMcqtHF8JaZ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvS4nMTV86D
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB4sx57VlSL
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡurydmxa0X1
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa23YWDEDfe
# nvm install --lts152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2bPXNcM7lb
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDrzMemJdmm
npm i package_name152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVwFTgS8xkP
项目更新152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeipftm0NxO
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQiEIrXq65A
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0LXlc5OVb6
如果不存在，生成证书152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7HfEG0Bg5x
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw6RHdHf5la
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpm7a1Ui0F5
将证书拷贝到服务器152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5jZZxTH4qm
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnc7NjKQMXV
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwKjjVDvotl
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0msWlPSg8u
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrRuLEWklmD
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofzubzUdvJ
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoZkwlKMDgB
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIftSrceM9P
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsibBsGNlwI
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTO9kk9u5fB
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9kitCskgH8
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1NL630F1pB
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBf9FvkDXte
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHx4cI3ZknS
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLAEgnSbTd
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ04EL6PQ2jj
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLQaCXgyosd
# ufw allow 22152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBsQRN3bs70
# ufw allow 80152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc8NdyNlMPx
# ufw allow 443152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWY70VoWBVh
# ufw enable152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJcz177GrhF
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1PFmaQhMT
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ1c72ZDwin
# passwd root152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmDy5zUlvMs
# usermod -a -G groupA username152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLd8ZfNo66
# groups username
修改hostname152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotbmoUXpMu
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxcatYG8XIX
# lscpu
查看内存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeOQHPr9nSO
# free -h152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq5gNKXB6sD
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WGQ6ZQVDI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR6rCNxkGXD
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPOqvYyCwK3
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLj39B3fGw
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTuj0CwA8kx
用sudo执行：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYVJcaXapak
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcMytLLXa78
查看硬盘152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSgQ40q5FWa
# sudo lshw -c disk152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRuB0NWhDW
查看分区152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4kTeLBYq1
# sudo fdisk -l152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOUy7GSntZj
查看磁盘剩余空间152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX1BIAx0WNE
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa8KeNwPybX
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39VvyKDHxC
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxB3M104Ql4
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2bcEWAA1Q
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa83KjN9CAy
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWUj1YtF6nm
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBhMrmdwVfe
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwFeQtA6FWb
g：所属组（group）。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ86kDp0klJg
o：其他用户（others）。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtfua8zItPw
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVi2MDQR7A
操作符：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXpd3hZS8N4
+：添加权限。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1v61PgcMQb
-：移除权限。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpXOKL4Eu7j
=：设置权限。152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv91uY3bWXa
權限：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9xZnKKdr8
r（读） = 4152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcdZoVBVu2O
w（写） = 2152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡONjqIUDSrY
x（执行） = 1152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyi0zUY9Du1
-（无权限） = 0152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJMpGIyCfZh
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVRqXyJqvCw
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjl5WRKzxzP
5 = r-x（4 + 1）152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKDQbsYLkV
6 = rw-（4 + 2）152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6WNFpSjuxw
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRyOUapFaU8
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6hrJdVdr0
添加alias, 比如：152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcijPJv2cHs
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXKQorRJQV5
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbqaHChyJI0
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV2IvhVOCnX
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]152Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡObPIbX4mRR
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns18.222.21.222da2
然後按「加至主畫面」