A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtdV9PukIRs
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSTYTR8qdE
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWasv9RMlK
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyA5AsOxecr
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgboEjLodi2
try or install ubuntu198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1tESMPbpn
choose your language: english198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1btlWPGdIy
accessibility in ubuntu: next198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw0XwbS7tle
select your keyboard layout: english(US)198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnv0o2xySzC
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLIdI9A16f
install ubuntu198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2JGucI7eij
interactive installation198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtMMEoIYYtT
extended selection198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDQxXjvG9SZ
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7FlkFolKa5
check: download and install support for additional media formats198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡya7vocCK4A
erase disk and install ubuntu198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKy54Qpv089
choose sdb198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKKSIZAaucU
your name: buda 198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTDvNs9Etl7
your computer's name: vultr198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW5WMrrIzev
your username: buda 198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ITdYzwJWx
timezone: shanghai198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCmHvFSLhCB
install198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEmbzwZeo36
restart now198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8B7Gop2d6V
拔出U盘, 按enter键
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUmK4tJET6H
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphhVqa8Eem
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg7bQEY7sLF
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXYWej0ZuQO
# cd /usr/src/glibc198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqz4FEM2rqG
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnkUZHMeo07
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJaJhspQwy
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Nmnqr8Q7J
# usermod -a -G root buda198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRrfKPLIPI
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZAUY6p59j
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdqYNeZ9XJl
apt show rethinkdb198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPzntwA1Tij
apt remove rethinkdb198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfEnNjFX0fT
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBozRZh0Lp
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnpwv0RVy5F
sudo apt update
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRiml1HiCJm
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyjNKUWnEAC
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5PtmjxWZUy
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBi99GVUujZ
编辑配置文件198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPU6hIk9FN1
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE3K4m4pNF
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkXQKBUoxnd
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkn2Rpyz1ob
patch:198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgxOo3w2Yic
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3m3shAVOKg
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ2AlrL9pat
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGA8sIuhmRq
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQgqeWoI2Sw
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpa9iRZ21zO
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeUwBZGzEQR
--------------------------------------------------------------198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgQsnvYBfk
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdeDl937bdk
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhx0qr1d5bv
部署rime输入法：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujTK2PNeaM
# ibus restart198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJicSdBxtl5
# ibus engine rime198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0uJTsON62X
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAFzJzrCgC
按shift键进行中英输入转换198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWBdYZkQiiz
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV8kMufotUr
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9WHbTF5a8
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQiplf6bphP
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡupXPs6xOR8
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3e1WgyreZ0
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdmM3hEGuiG
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIONlvbUo7
# cd ~/Downloads198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcbee6ILigK
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9JYuvGLE4u
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyUNWj9zQZ
# node -v198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYgm6ebjdW
# npm install npm@latest -g198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ55PAtLQJnP
# npm config get registry198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrn9PNYMzHx
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKiAnuvYEaz
如果想用回官方registry:198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlxRTUoPR4T
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9BwCgmn8M
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhlmgKOuGuG
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbohv3s2z2O
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEUXGWrQDSN
# nvm install --lts198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGLepmoLGFg
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8WISUimEwN
npm i package_name198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNPSlkPZu4Z
项目更新198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡClDvddLUgT
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvB9osV3XI
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYA9JUkYJFx
如果不存在，生成证书198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhbIneqJxvP
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoqBaZfjViN
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV779wj58lm
将证书拷贝到服务器198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqDFPcn6x4
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWbaSES62Q
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4UvUhVIbDP
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAejdBCERdu
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0Q6yZvJqa
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmoaxPhUzLA
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7vmafhp5uC
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHs4RpInTEt
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPpXKPnWqB
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKBrpO1zEI
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ0aAMMawjM
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGeDkOYDK7N
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3WrCQgdMlw
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7X6GKU52t
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JiDPECilm
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6yFw6gYTAs
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLDQCMpcfF
# ufw allow 22198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlx2dZ3444
# ufw allow 80198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKQWLt5oPz0
# ufw allow 443198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzguBbElnZh
# ufw enable198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpdcOOTMEzW
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAkXv1TgZM
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt67mrYEBqZ
# passwd root198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPf8D35Jcyg
# usermod -a -G groupA username198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU7ci7Ub5Y0
# groups username
修改hostname198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhiQ6LMM0yP
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFJPYRu7gNt
# lscpu
查看内存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIrLgOUEhT0
# free -h198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3nFoLPxw9B
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM7tiEkvpuC
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4vCaypsKB
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2aIgdPfeI2
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodl23idx4c
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQe2rv4Kn9
用sudo执行：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSrYFqQP22g
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmkeU8Kscv
查看硬盘198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnqTP0LYHP
# sudo lshw -c disk198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPip7QojpJq
查看分区198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8m9a8TCYxu
# sudo fdisk -l198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVMygz7Wbs
查看磁盘剩余空间198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHXUGiYqUwg
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTB2hdSkk7
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77fdDNZahQ
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXy2iDZdvYB
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz24W2jVezX
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUAeXvV349
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqiogvqtt5G
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2IncEtgfmK
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtn5UJ6oXiN
g：所属组（group）。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdlyEvO5pkw
o：其他用户（others）。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrdWCEhPKXC
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqeHXMFqIDJ
操作符：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYUbdoHhl9
+：添加权限。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH52i6AvJFz
-：移除权限。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXhM0j1Lme
=：设置权限。198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ReG4yCr7j
權限：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHxdFLXFNz3
r（读） = 4198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWPE4DhNtXb
w（写） = 2198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIHYxv9YlJN
x（执行） = 1198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv8JlDg4VhP
-（无权限） = 0198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rWMBAi2vl
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdji3TJ0dcd
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7aF4zstmhX
5 = r-x（4 + 1）198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡigHabVRJWf
6 = rw-（4 + 2）198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1bDc0CDnmm
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyQsQyvUHDN
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE35IrE8dOk
添加alias, 比如：198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡStXV5Ad08p
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIfKZBftZtN
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZypc2yNQKB
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1XORkhZB3d
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]198Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZrjxYaBG1f
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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